LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 



...... Sttpjifefct^o. 

& . Shelf. ..Jt3.<f^ 3 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 






Studies in the Book 



^ir$t £e*ie& 



Containing Studies on the New Testament Historical Books, the 
General Epistles, and the Apocalypse. 



REVERE FRANKLIN WEIDNER. 

Professor and Doctor of Theology. 



Prepared for Use op the Students op the Bible Institute, Chicago. 
D wiqht L. Moody, President. 

S>* PVRIGHT 

MAR 10 1890 "j 



NEW YORK: 

12 Bible House. Astor Place. 



: : ffiemina to. 1Re\>ell : : 

CHICAGO: 

148 and 150 Madison Street. 

♦ : : publisber of Evangelical literature : : 



\ 






Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1890, by 

FLEMING H. REVELL, 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. c. 



TO 

D WIGHT L. MOODY, 

WHOSE LABORS FOIi THE SALVATION 

OF THE NEGLECTED POOR ARE EQUALLED BY 

THE SIMPLICITY AND POWER LN WHICH HE PRESENTS 

THE TRUTHS OF TEE GOSPEL, THESE STUDIES 

IN THE BOOK ARE MOST RESPECTFULLY 

DEDICATED BY THE 

AUTHOR. 



Contents. ▼. 



CONTENTS OF STUDIES. 



PAGE 

I. Part I. Facts About the Book 1 

Part II. The Doctrine of the Holy Spirit. . 4 

II. Part I. On the Study of the New Testament. . 6 
Part II. The Personality and Deity of the Holy 

Ghost 10 

III. Part I. On the Interpretation of the New Testa- 

ment 11 

Part II. The Grace of the Holy Spirit. ... 13 

IV. Part I. The Inspiration of the Bible. . . 16 
Part II. The Calling or Vocation. ... 18 

V. Part I. The Chronology and Geography of the 

New Testament. . . . .20 

Part II. Illumination 22 

VI. Part I. A Harmony of the Four Gospels. . . 25 

Part II. Regeneration 37 

VII. Part I. The Gospel of Matthew. ... 39 

Part II. Conversion. 42 

VIII. Part I. The Birth of Christ the Fulfilment of 

Prophecy. 45 

Part II. Repentance 45 

IX. Part I. The Gospel of Mark. ... 48 

Part II. Faith 50 



vi. Contents. 

X. Part I. The Gospel of Luke 54 

Part II. Justification. . . . . .56 

XI. Part I. The Gospel of John 60 

Part II. Mystical Union and Adoption. . . 63 

XII. Part I. The Acts of the Apostles. ... 67 

Part II. Renovation and Sanctification. . . 71 

XIII. Part I. The Epistle of James 74 

Part II. The Fruits of the Spirit, or Good Works. 76 

XIV. Part I. The First Epistle of Peter. ... 80 
Part II. The Four-fold Office of the Holy Ghost. 83 

XV. The Second Epistle of Peter. .... 85 

XVI. The First Epistle of John 90 

XVII. Part I. The Second Epistle of John. ... 95 
Part II. The Third Epistle of John. ... 97 

XVIII. The Epistle of Jude 100 

XIX. The Book of Revelation 106 

XX. Part I. Practical Hints 109 

Part II. Review 110 

Index, 121 



PREFACE 



These " Outline Studies" have been prepared primarily for the 
use of the students of "The Bible Institute" of the Chicago 
Evangelization Society, of which Mr. D. L. Moody is President. 
They cover about half the books of the New Testament, includ- 
ing the Four Gospels, the Acts of the Apostles, the seven General 
Epistles, and the Book of Revelation. An attempt has been 
made to guide the student to an inductive study of the Bible, 
and to be helpful in suggesting to him methods. 

The writer has had a double purpose in view in preparing 
these notes; first, to be of help to the private student in his per- 
sonal edification, and secondly, to furnish a text-book which in 
the hands of a leader may tend to promote the more exact study 
of God's Word among the Young Men's Christian Associations, 
and Societies of Christian Endeavor. For this purpose the aim 
has been so to present the truths and duties of God's Word as to 
give the earnest believer power and wisdom to do aggressive 
work for Christ, and lead men to salvation. It is not expected 
that any of these Studies are to be finished in an hour. On some, 
even a dozen hours may be spent profitably. In the last Study 
the student will find some hints as to the manner of review. 
Each Study, as a rule, is divided into two parts. On account of 
the great importance of the Biblical teaching concerning the 
Work of the Holy Spirit in the salvation of souls, this doctrine 
has been fully developed. Believing that the Bible is the Word 
of God, the infallible guide for our daily life, and the absolute 
rule of our faith, and holding that there is a unity of Biblical 
truth,— great stress has been laid upon the exact and positive 
meaning of each passage, and upon the importance of the com- 
parative study of Scripture. 

R. F. W. 

Augustana Theological Seminary, 
Bock Island, III. 
Epiphany, 1890. 

0) 



STUDY I. 

PART I. 

Facts About the Book. 

1. Order of books with number of chapters, {Drill.) 

/.—Historical Books: Matt. (28); Mark (16); Luke (24); John 

(21); Acts (28). 
11.— Epistles of Paul: Rom. (16); I. Cor. (16); II. Cor. (13); Gal. 

(6); Eph. (6); Phil. (4); Col. (4); I. Thess. (5); II. Thess. 

(3); I. Tim. (6); II. Tim. (4); Titus (3); Philemon (1); Heb. 

(13). 
Ill— General Epistles: James (5); I. Pet. (5); II. Pet. (3); I. 

John (5); II. John (1); III. John (1); Jude (1). 
IV.— Prophecy: Revelation (22). 

2. The Epistles of Paul in chronological order. {Drill.) 

(1) 52 A.D., I. and II. Thess.; (2) 57 A.D., Gal., I. and II. 
Cor., Romans; (3) 62 A.D , Col., Eph., Philemon, Phil., 
Hebrews possibly 63 A.D. ; (4) 67 A.D.. I. Tim., Titus, II. Tim. 

3. Authors of the New Testament Books. 

Eight different persons wrote the twenty-seven books: 
Matthew, Mark. Luke (Gosp. and Acts), John (Gosp., Three 
Epistles and Rev.), Paul, James, Peter, Jude. 

4. The books of the New Testament are genuine, 

i. e., they were written by the persons whose 
names the}' bear. 

1. — External Evidence. 
First: By our printed Bibles since the fifteenth century. 
Second: By Greek manuscripts, some dating from the 

fourth century. 
Third: By the writings of the Fathers. 
Eusebius, died 340 A.D., Bishop of Caesarea in Palestine; 
Origen, died 254 A.D., who lived in Egypt and Palestine; 



2 Facts About the Book. 

Tertullian, died 220 A.D., who lived at Carthage in North 
Africa; Clemens, of Alexandria, in Egypt, died 220 A. D.; 
Irenaeus, of Smyrna in Asia Minor, afterward Bishop 
of Lyons in France, died 202 A.D.; Polycarp, the 
teacher of Irenaeus, who himself was a pupil of St. 
John. All these bear witness to the fart that the books 
of the New Testament were written by the authors 
whose names they bear. 
II. — Internal Evidence. 
This results from a special study of each book, and refers to 

the language, style and peculiar historical allusions of 

each writer. 

5. Our copies of the New Testament are correct and 
accurate. 

/. — We have a correct copy of the original Greek text. 
First. We have about two thousand manuscripts, containing 

larger or smaller portions of the Greek Testament, dating 

from the fourth to the sixteenth century. 
Second: The many variations, averaging about ninety to a 

manuscript, strange as it may seem, enable us to restore, with 

certainty, the very words of the Apostles. 
Third. We have to day a text of the Greek Testament as 

near the primitive text of the Apostles as the organized 

efforts of the scholarship and criticism of the present age, 

assisted by Divine help, can determine. 
Fourth. There are three such critical texts, of a very high 

order, differing only in minor points,— those of Tischendorf, 

of Tregelles, and of Westcott and Hort. 

II. — Our translation fairly and accurately reproduces this Greek 
text. 
First: Translations were made because those to whom its 

truths were preached did not understand Greek. 
Second: Among the Ancient Versions we may mention: 
(1) The Syriac or Peshito, second century; (2) the Old Latin, 
second century; (3) the Egyptian, third century; (4) the 
^Ethiopic, fourth century; (5) the Gothic, fourth century; 
(6) the Latin Vulgate of Jerome, fourth century; (7) the 
Armenian, fifth century; (8) the Arabic, eighth century; 
(9) the Slavonic, ninth century. 



Facts About the Book. 3 

Third: Among the principal Modern Versions, not including 

the English, we may mention: 

(1) the Italian, 1471; (2) Luther's German, 1522; (3) the Dutch, 

1526; (4) the Swedish, 1526; (5) the French, 1530; (6) the 

Icelandic, 1540; (7) the Spanish, 1543; (8) the Danish, 

1550; (9) the Portuguese, 1712. 

Fourth: The Revised English Version of the New Testament. 

(1) The English translation of the Bible has a growth, and is 
the result of the labors and scholarship of four centuries. 

(2) Among the English translations we may mention: 

1. Wiclif's New Testament, about 1380 — before printing 
was invented. 

2. Tyndale's New Testament, 1526— the first printed edi- 
tion of any part of the Scriptures in English. 

3. Miles Coverdale's Bible, 1535— the first English Bible 
printed by authority. 

4. Matthew's Bible, 1537 — a reproduction of Tyndale's New 
Testament— Matthew being the name assumed by John 
Rogers, the martyr. 

5. Taverner's Bible, 1539— a correction of Matthew's Bible. 

6. The Great Bible, 1539— revised by Cranmer and Cover- 
dale. The edition of 1540 contains a preface by Cran- 
mer and is known as Cranmer's Bible. 

7. The Geneva Bible, 1560 (New Testament, 1557) published 
by English exiles in Geneva, especially revised by Cov- 
erdale and John Knox, with notes favoring the peculiar 
doctrines of Calvin. 

8. The Bishop's Bible, 1568— so-called because eight Bish- 
ops assisted in this revision. 

9. The Rhemish New Testament, 1582 — published by 
Romanists at Rheims, France, containing many foreign 
words and difficult phrases, making it almost unintelli- 
gible to the common people — still the Authorised Version 
of the Roman Catholic Church. 

10. King James's Bible, 1611 — known as the Authorised 
English Version. 

11. The Revised Version of 1881. 

(3) The differences between the Authorised and Revised 

Versions arise from two causes: 
1. Alterations made on account of a change of the reading 
of the Greek text. («) The Authorised Version was made 



Facts About the Book. 

from printed Greek Testaments not representing the 
purest text now attainable. (6) The Revised Version is a 
faithful translation of the purest text at present attain- 
able. 
2. Alterations made on account of a change of the trans- 
lation of the Greek text, (a) There has been a progress 
in Greek scholarship, (b) Some English words have 
become obsolete or changed in meaning, (c) A more 
exact translation was demanded, (d) In the Revised 
Text we have the New Testament in a form more nearly 
identical with the primitive text of the Apostles than 
ever before, (e) Possibly it may seem too literal to 
those very familiar to the Authorised Version. (/) The 
two versions ought to be used side by side, (g) The 
importance and value of the Revised Version. 

The importance of the study of the Greek New 

Testament to Biblical students. 
But let us not forget that a thoughtful and pious 

English reader is able to understand the New 

Testament better than many who read it in 

Greek. 



PART II. 

The Doctrine of the Holy Spirit. 

God has revealed himself as one in divine essence, 
but as subsisting in three persons — a Unity in 
Trinity. This is a great mystery. 

First: The unity of God is distinctly taught in Scripture. 

Deut. 4: 3o; 6: 4; 2 Sam. 7: 22; Ps. 8<v. 10; Isa. 43: 10, 11; Mark 

12: 29; John 17: 3; 1 Cor. 8: 4; Eph. 4: 6. 
Second. This unity is one of divine essence. 
Third: The doctrine of the Trinity is also clearly taught— that 

God, one in essence, subsists in three persons, truly and 

really distinct from each other. 
(a) We have a manifestation to human senses of the separate 
existence of the three persons in the wonderful theophany 



The Doctrine of the Holy Spirit. 5 

at the baptism of Christ (Matt. 3: 13-17; Mark 1: 9-11; Luke 
3:21, 22). (1) The voice of the Father is heard from 
heaven, bearing witness to his Son. (2) The Son is being 
baptized in the river Jordan. (3) The Holy Ghost is seen, 
in the form of a dove, descending upon Jesus. 

(b) The doctrine of the Holy Trinity is also distinctly taught 

in the solemn formula of baptism given by Christ (Matt. 
28: 19). We are to be baptized into the name (not names) 
of the one God, in three divine persons, the Father, the 
Son, and the Holy Ghost. 

(c) The three Persons of the Holy Trinity are often mentioned 

together. John 14: 16; 15: 26; II. Cor. 13: 14; Rom. 8: 9, 11; 
Eph. 2:18; 2:21, 22; 3:14-16; 4:4-6; 4:30-32; 5:18, 20; 
Heb. 9: 14; I. Pet. 1:2; Jude 20, 21; etc. 
Fourth: The inner distinction and the relation of the Holy 
Ghost to the Father and the Son may be expressed by the 
phrase "eternal procession." 
(a) The Holy Ghost proceeds from the Father. (1) It is so 
stated in express words, John 15:26. (2) Christ says the 
Father will send him in his name, John 14:26; compare 
Gal. 4: 6. (3) He is called the Spirit of the Father, Matt. 
10: 20; compare I. Cor. 2: 10, 11; Eph. 4: 30. 
(6) The Holy Ghost proceeds from the Son. (1) Because he 
is sent and given by the Son, John 15: 26; 20: 22. (2) 
Because he is called the Spirit of the Son, Gal. 4: 6. (3) 
Because he is called the Spirit of Christ, Rom. 8:9; Phil. 
1:19; I. Pet. 1:11. 
Fifth: In all outward works or operations, as Creation, Re- 
demption, Sanctification, the three persons work together, 
and although the outward works may be predicated of one 
person, the others are still not absolutely excluded. 
Sixth: Li outward works, however, an order and distinction 
of persons may be drawn: 

(a) The origin of grace is in God the Father, the Creator, Pre- 
server, and Governor of all things, Eph. 1:4, 6; Gen. 1:1; 
Johnl: 3. 

(b) The acquisition of grace is by God the Son, the Redeemer, 

John 3: 16, 17. 

(c) The application of grace is made by God the Holy Ghost, 
the Sanctifier, Rom. 15: 16. 



STUDY II. 

PART I. 

On the Study of the New Testament. 

First: The interest shown in Bible study a hopeful sign. 
Second: Everything depends on the spirit in which the Bible 

is studied, and the object in view. 
Third: We take for granted the divine authority of the Bible 

and the truth of Christianity. 
Fourth: We are going to study the New Testament (a) as a 

guide for our daily life, and (b) as a rule of our faith. 
Fifth: The study of the Bible, in contradistinction to the 

books of men, brings about a union of believers and a unity 

of the faith. 
Sixth: There can be no unity of the faith unless there be 

agreement as to the fundamental principles of interpretation. 
Seventh: We ought at least to agree on these principles: 

(1) God wants us to understand his word. 

(2) Every passage has but one true meaning. 

(3) The meaning of God's word is capable of being invest- 
igated. 

Eighth: The student of the New Testament should be en- 
dowed with certain faculties. 

(1) Intellectual Faculties: He should have a clear and vigor- 
ous understanding, sound judgment, and a broad culture. 

(2) Moral Faculties: The irreligious interpreter is morally 
unfit for the task of explaining the Bible. The teacher of 
religion must be conscientious, circumspect and laborious. 

Ninth: The student must cultivate the proper dispositions. 

(1) Love of Truth: He must not come to the Bible with pre- 
conceived ideas, but ask simply, What is written? He 
must not only be impartial in mind, but also in heart, and 
seek as far as God gives him grace to become morally 
perfect. 

(2) Search for clear ideas. 

The means to attain clearness are study and meditation. 
(6) 



On the Study of the New Testament. 7 

Tenth: There are certain duties which he must diligently 
perform. • 

(1) His studies must embrace the entire Bible, and not only 
certain portions. 

(2) Meditation and constant study of the scriptures are ab- 
solutely necessary to render clear, vivid and fruitful its 
rich treasures. 

(3) Our studies ought to be continued with distrust of one's 
self and with a feeling of one's own weakness. 

(4) The means of Bible study are: Prayer, meditation or 
study, and Christian experience. 

Eleventh: There is a difference between reading and study- 
ing the Bible. 

(1) We may read for devotion, for knowledge, or for instruc- 
tion in righteousness, II. Tim. 3: 16, 17. 

(2) We may read by chapters consecutively or chronologic- 
ally, or by topics. 

Twelfth: Two principal methods of studying the Bible: 
(1) By topics. (2) By books. (3) Both methods are good. 
Your object in view must decide the method. 

Thirteenth: Even if you wish to study the New Testament 
according to subjects, the best way is by books. 

Fourteenth. Different kinds of books ought to be studied 
in different ways. 

Fifteenth: General hints for the study of the Gospels: 

(1) The best of method of studying the Gospel history is by 
means of a harmony. 

(2) The Gospel of Mark deserves to be studied first in order 
of time. 

(a) Because it supplies the best basis for constructing a 
harmony, being written in chronological order. 

(b) It is the best introduction to the regular and systematic 
study of tne New Testament. 

(3) Study carefully the chronology and geography of each 
event, 

(4) Compare parallel accounts by the different evangelists. 

(5) Read in connection with the study of the Gospel history 
a good life of Christ. (Stalker, Andrews, Ellicott, Farrar, 
Geikie, Edersheim.) 

(6) Study special subjects very carefully. 

(a) The Sermon on the Mountain; (6) The Parables of 



8 On the Study of the New Testament. 

Christ; (c) The Miracles of Christ; (d) The Discourses 
of Jesus in John. 

(7) Classify the doctrinal teachings of Christ. 

(1) About God. (2) About Man (3) About his own Person 
and Work. (4) About the Way of Salvation. (5) About the 
Church and the Sacraments. (6) About the Last Things. 

(8) Examine carefully all questions pertaining to what is 
known as "Introduction." For whom written? When? 
Where? Why? 

Sixteenth: General hints for the study of the Pauline Epistles. 

(1) Study carefully those parts of the Acts of the Apostles 
bearing on the life and labors of Paul. 

(2) Read in connection some concise life of Paul. (Stalker.) 

(3) Fix clearly in j r our mind the more prominent events of 
Paul's life (a) 37 A.D. Conversion, {b) 45 A.D. First 
missionary journey, (c) 50 A.D. Second missionary jour- 
ney, {d) 54 A.D. Third missionary journey, (e) 62 A.D. 
First captivity at Rome. (/) 68 A.D. Second captivity 
and martyrdom. 

(4) Arrange and study his letters in chronological order. 
(See Study I ) 

(5) Read in connection with your studies a fuller life of Paul. 
(Conybeare and Howson, or Farrar.) 

(6) Become perfectly familiar with the geography of Paul's 
labors. 

Seventeenth: Special hints for the study of the Pauline 
Epistles. 

(1) Read the Epistle carefully, at one sitting, for general 
contents. 

(2) Read carefully a second time, noting all references bear- 
ing on questions of "Introduction." (By whom written? 
For whom? When? Where? Why?) 

(3) Then read some Introduction to the Epistle, as found in 
a good Commentary, and compare results and correct. 

(4) Read carefully a third time, and divide into main parts: 
(1) Personal: (2) Doctrinal: (3) Practical. 

(5) Read carefully a fourth time, and divide into sections. 
The sections as given in the Revised Version will be of 
of great help. 

(6) Study carefully each section, and write out the thought, 
as clearly and concisely as possible. 



On the Study of the New Testament. 9 

(7) Study the Epistle carefully, and classify the practical 
duties enforced. 

(a) Duties to God. 

(&) Duties to our fellow-man. (1) In the State. (2) In the 

Church. (3) In the Family. 
(c) Duties to self. 

(8) Study the Epistle carefully, and classify the doctrinal 
truths taught. 

(a) The doctrine of God. 

Attributes, Trinity, Predestination, Creation, Provi- 
dence, Good and Evil Angels, Satan. 

(b) The doctrine of Man. 

Creation of Man, his Original Condition, his Fall, 
Original Sin, Essential Character of Sin, Actua- Sin s, 
Free Will. 

(c) The doctrine of the Person of Christ. His Human 
Nature, his Divine Nature, the State of Humiliation, the 
State of Exaltation. 

(d) The doctrine of the Work of Christ. His Mediatorial 
Work, his Prophetic Office, his Priestly Office, his 
Kingly Office, the Atonement, Resurrection of Christ, 
Ascension into Heaven, sitting at the Right Hand of 
God, his Intercession, the Kingdom of Christ. 

(e) The doctrine of the Work of the Holy Spirit. Calling, 
Illumination, Regeneration, Conversion, Repentance, 
Faith, Justification, Mystical Union, Adoption, Sancti- 
fication, Holiness, Good Works. 

(/) The doctrine of the Church. Nature and Attributes 
of the Church, Inspiration of the Scriptures, the Means 
of Grace, the Word of God, Baptism, the Lord's Supper, 
the Ministry. 

(g) The doctrine of the Last Things, Death, State of the 
Soul after death, Fulness of the Gentiles, Conversion 
of Israel, Antichrist, Second Coming of Christ, the Gen- 
eral Resurrection, the Final Judgment, the End of the 
World, the Final Consummation, Eternal Death, Eternal 
Life. 



10 The Personality and Deity of the Holy Ghost. 
PART II. 

The Personality and Deity of the Holy Ghost. 

First. The Holy Ghost is not an attribute of God, nor a mere 
energy of influence, but the third person of the Holy Trinity. 

Second. By person we mean an intelligent agent, one who 
possesses personal properties. 

Third: The personality of the Holy Ghost is proved by Scrip- 
utre: 

(1) Personal pronouns are applied to Him. John 14: 16, 17, 
26; 15: 26; 16: 7, 13, 14, etc. 

(2) Personal qualities are ascribed to Him. He knows and 
searcheth all things. I, Cor. 2: 10, 11; He works according 
to His own will, I. Cor, 12: 11; He can be grieved, Eph. 4: 
30; He can be resisted, Acts 7: 51;"]He can be blasphemed 
against, Matt. 12: 31, 32; He can be lied against, Acts 5: 3, 
4; etc. 

(3) Personal acts are ascribed to Him. He teaches all things 
John 14: 26; He guides into all the truth, John 16: 13; He 
helpeth our infirmity, Rom. 8: 26; He convicts the world, 
Jonn 16: 8; He sanctifies and bestows spiritual gifts, Rom. 
15: 16; I. Cor. 12: 11; He seals, Eph. 1: 13; 4: 30; He com- 
forts, Acts 9: 31, etc. 

Fourth: That the Holy Spirit, the third person of the Trin- 
ity, is truly divine, true God, of the same essence with the 
Father and the Son, is proved from the fact that to Him are 
ascribed: 

(1) Divine names. He is called God. Acts 5:3, 4; II. Pet. 
1: 21, compared with II Tim. 3. 16; I. Cor. 3: 16; Lord, II. 
Cor. 3: 17; I. Cor 12. 4, 5; Jehovah, Isa. 6: 5-10; compared 
with Acts 28: 25, Ex. 17. 7, compared with Heb. 3: 7-9. 

(2) Divine attributes. Eternity, Heb. 9: 14; Omnipotence, 

I. Cor. 12. 11; Rom. 8:11, 15: 19, Omniscience, I. Cor. 2: 
10-12; Omnipresence, Ps. 139: 7; I. Cor. 12- 13; Rom. 8: 
26, 27. 

(3) Divine works. Creation, Gen. 1: 2; Job 26: 13; Ps. 33: 6; 
Preservation, Job 33: 4; Ps. 104: 30; Miracles; Matt. 12: 
28; I. Cor. 12. 9-li, Rom. 15: 19; Resurrection, of the 
dead, I. Pet. 3: 18; Rom. 8: 11; Prophecy, II. Pet. 1:21; 

II. Sam 23: 2; Works of grace, as regeneration, John 3: 5;. 
Titus 3: 5; Sanctification, Rom. 15: 16; I. Pet. 1:2; etc. 

(4) Divine Worship, Rom. 9: 1; II. Cor. 13: 14; Matt. 28: 19; 



STUDY III. 

PART I. 

Ox the Interpretation of the New Testament. 

First: The interpreter must be endowed with, the proper in- 
tellectual and moral faculties, and cultivate especially the 
proper dispositions necessary for the exposition of Scrip- 
ture. (See Study II.) 

Second: Certain facts or principles are taken for granted. (1) 
The Inspiration of the Bible. (2) Each passage has but one 
positive meaning, (3) This meaning is capable of being 
investigated. (4) There is a unity of biblical truth. (5) 
The importance of the comparative study of Scripture. 

Third: The interpreter must begin his work by studying the 
grammatical sense of the text. To obtain this he has four 
sources: (1) the text itself: (2) the context; (3) parallel texts; 
(4) resources foreign to the text. 

Fourth: A. — Resources derived from the text, 

(1) The importance for the interpreter of knowing Hebrew 
and Greek. 

(2) But not absolutely necessary. 

(3) Importance of the Revised Version. 

(4) We must study the single words, (a) Not lay too much 
stress on etymological analysis, (b) Not seek for the 
ingenious and brilliant, but for the true, (c) Read the 
New Testament much, and constantly meditate, (d) Use 
best grammatical commentaries. 

(5) We must study the constructions, (a) Close relation 
between the language of the Old and New Testament. 

(6) Study the phrases and the nature of the discourse. 
Fifth: B. — Resources derived from the context. 

(1) One of the most important means of finding the true 
meaning. 

(2) Every book has a special object, especially in the New 
Testament. The Epistles of Paul. 

(3) Many neglect the context (Dogmaticians). 

(11) 



12 On the Interpretation op the New Testament. 

(4) Sometimes too much importance is given to the context 
(Rationalists. 
Sixth: C— Resources derived from Parallel Texts. 
Seventh: D. — Resources foreign to the text. 

(1) The importance of a well-selected library. 

(2) A careful choice must be made. 

(3) Study only the works of the greatest ability. 

(4) The true student must limit himself to a small number of 
books, at least in the beginning. 

(5) A student can not know the merit of a book until he has 
carefully studied it. 

(6) The student should bear in mind that the object in study 
is to stimulate and enlighten his own mind, so that his 
further investigations may be reliable. 

(7) Study the Bible first — then use other books. 

(8) A list of valuable books for the English student of the 
Bible, which can be bought for about twenty dollars: 

1. A Teacher's Bible, containing Aids and Maps. 

2. The Revised Version 

3. A Dictionary of the Bible. (Peloubet, Schaff, Smith.) 

4. Commentary on the whole Bible. (Jamieson, Fausset, 
and Brown.) 

5. Student's Handbook of Topical Texts. 
6 Helps to the Study of the Bible. 

7. Young's Analytical Concordance. 

8. Angus' Bible Handbook. 

9. A Sacred History. (Kurtz, Smith, Blaikie.) 

10. Life of Christ. (Stalker Farrar, Geikie.) 

11. Life of Paul. (Stalker, Farrar, Conybeare and Howson.) 
12 Treasury Scripture Knowledge. 

Eighth: To be able to interpret a book correctly, we must 
also take into consideration: 

(1) The circumstances personal to an author. Moses, David, 
Amos, Isaiah, Ezekiel, John, Paul. 

(2) The social circumstances of the author. 

(3) The philological habits of authors. 

(a) The orientals used highly colored language. 

(b) The Jews were not a speculative people. 

(c) No effort made in the direction of artistic writing, but 
the grand object of divine truth is to enkindle affections 
in the heart. 



On the Interpretation of the New Testament. 13 

(4) The circumstances peculiar to the writings. These cir- 
cumstances are both internal and external. 

(a) Internal circumstances. 

1. There is a difference in the nature of the writings, 
some being historical, others didactic, or oratorical, 
or parallelistic. (The word poetical conveys a wrong 
impression.) 

(b) External circumstances. 

1. The persons to whom the writings are addressed will 
have an influence upon the writing. (The' Epistle to 
the Romans.) 

2. The occasion of the writing will greatly help to a 
proper understanding of a book. (Galatians, II.Thess.) 

3. It is important for the interpreter to find out the 
object the writer has in view. 

4. There is a general object of the whole book, and a 
special object in each division of a book. 

5. The general object of each book, as well as the special 
objects in view, can only be found out by the atten- 
tive reading of a book, at one sitting. 

6. Of great help is the comparative reading of the 
Bible, combined with meditation upon the successive 
details. 

7. For the encouragement of those desiring to read a 
book at one sitting, the following facts are given: 

First — Seventeen of the twenty-seven books of the 

New Testament can be carefully read in less than 

half an hour each. 
Second— Five (Rom., I. Cor., II. Cor., Heb., Rev.) 

may be carefully read in an hour each. 
Third— The historical books require from 1£ to 2£ 

hours each (Matt., 2; Mark, 1£; Luke, 2£; John, If; 

Acts, 2£). 



PART II. 

The Gkace of the Holy Spirit. 

Jtrst: In the Old Testament the Spirit of God is especially 
described as working in the creation (Gen. 1: 12; Ps. 33: 6;) 
preservation (Ps. 104: 29, 30), and government of the mater- 
ial world. 



14 The Grace of the Holy Spirit. 

Second: This is also assumed by Christ and his Apostles, 

though not directly asserted. 
Third: In the New Testament the work of the Spirit is 

directly described in its immediate relation to our salvation. 

(1) He glorifies Christ, John 16: 14. 

(2) He bears witness of Christ, John 15: 26, 27. 

(3) He convicts the world of sin, John 16: 8. 

(4) He teaches men, II. Tim. 3: 16. 

(5) He guides believers into all truth, John 16: 13. 

(6) He helps our infirmities, Rom. 8: 26. 

(7) He bestows spiritual gifts, I. Cor. 12: 11. 

Fourth: By the grace of the Holy Spirit we mean the relation 

and conduct of God towards man as a sinner, Eph. 1: 6, 7. 
Fifth: It is repeatedly called the grace of God. II Thess. 

1: 12; Gal. 2: 21; I. Cor. 15: 10; II. Cor. 6: 1; Rom. 5: 15; 

Eph. 3:2; Col. 1:6; Tit. 2: 11; Heb. 2- 9< 12:15. 
Sixth: It is also called the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ. 

Gal. 1:6; 6: 18; Rom. 16: 20; I. Cor. 16: 23; II. Cor. 8: 9; 

Phil. 4: 23; I. Tim. 1: 14; II. Pet. 3: 18. 
Seventh. We speak of the grace of the Holy Spirit, because 

the Holy Spirit applies the gifts of grace and redemption to 

the heart of sinful man. 
EiGHTn: He is the special gift promised by Christ. John 7: 39; 

14:26; 15:26; 16.7; Acts 1:5. 
Ninth: He works in believers as the Spirit of the Father and 

of Christ, John 16: 13-15. 
Tenth: He is the divine ruling principle of the new life. 

Rom. 8: 2-4; I. John 3: 24. 
Eleventh: This grace of God has been especially manifested 

in the sending of the Son, and in His mediatorial work. 

John 1: 14, 16; Rom. 5: 20, 21; Eph. 2: 7. 
Twelfth: By this grace we are saved through faith. Acts 

15:11; Rom. 3:24: 4:16; Eph. 2- 8; Tit. 3: 7. 
Thirteenth: In this grace and by this grace we stand- 
Rom. 5:2; I. Pet. 2:10. 
Fourteenth: The grace of God is utterly opposed to works. 

Gal. 5: 3. 4; Rom. 4: 4, 16; 6: 14, 15; 11: 6; John 1: 17. 
Fifteenth- This grace is in most definite contrast to sin. 

Rom. 5: 20, 21; Eph. 1:7; 2: 3-5. 
Sixteenth: The grace of God through the Word acts before 

conversion, in the act of conversion, and after conversion. 



The Gra.ce of the Holt Spirit. 15 

Seventeenth: For the sake of clearness, we may distinguish 
the acts of grace before conversion as follows: 

(1) Prevenient grace, the implanting of the first Holy thought 
and godly desire. 

(2) Preparative grace, which prepares the heart. 

(3) Exciting grace, which works in the heart. 
Eighteenth: In the act of conversion, which is brought about 

by the Holy Spirit by means of the Word, we may dis- 
tinguish: 

(1) Operating grace, which works (a) the knowledge of sin, 
and (b) compunction of heart. 

(2) Completing grace, which works faith and confidence in 
Christ, which is the final act of conversion, and takes 
place instantaneously. 

Nineteenth* After conversion we may speak of the grace 
of the Holy Spirit as — 

(1) Co-operating grace, which works in man after his con 
version, and preserves him in the faith, and assists and 
strengthens him. 

(2) Indwelling grace, which dwells in the heart of man and 
changes it spiritually, enabling him to grow in grace and 
sanctification. 

Twentieth: As the acts of applying grace follow one an- 
other in certain relations and connections, we may speak of 
"The Order of the Works of Grace.'" Acts 26: 17, 18. 

(1) The calling or vocation, I. Pet. 2: 9. 

(2) Illumination, II. Cor. 4: 6. 

(3) Regeneration, John 3:3, 5. 

(4) Conversion, Acts 26 : 20. 

(a) Repentance, Acts 2: 38. 

(b) Faith, Rom. 10:8-11. 

(5) Justification, Rom. 3: 24, 25. 

(6) Mystical union with God, John 15: 1-5. 

(7) Renovation and sanctification, Eph. 4: 22-24; I. Thess. 5: 
23, 24. 



STUDY IV. 

PART I. 

The Inspiration of the Bible. 

First: The importance of this question. 

Second: False views held by many at the present day. 

(1) Natural inspiration, identifying inspiration with genius. 

(2) Universal Christian inspiration, identifying it with the 
illumination common to every believer. 

(3) Partial or Essential inspiration, the view so popular at 
the present day, the watchword of which is "The Bible 
contains the word of God." 

(4) The Illumination theory, maintaining that there are dif- 
ferent degrees of inspiration, and that the Bible is not 
equally inspired. (Superintendence, elevation, direction, 
suggestion.) 

(5) Mechanical inspiration, ignoring the human altogether^ 
making the writers but mechanical instruments. 

Third: This question is not one of theory, but of facts. The 

Bible alone can decide which is the true view. 
Fourth: The Bible itself testifies that it is the word of God in 

the language of men, truly divine, and, at the same time, 

truly human. 
Fifth: This view, that the Bible is the word of God, and 

that all parts of it are equally inspired, is known by the 

name of Plenary or Full inspiration. 
Sixth: We must carefully distinguish between revelation, 

inspiration, and spiritual illumination. 

(1) Revelation is that act of God by which he directly com- 
municates truth, not known before, to the human mind. 

(2) Inspiration is that act of God by which he preserved man 
from error in proclaiming the will of God by word of 
mouth, or in committing to writing the original Scriptures. 

(3) Spiritual illumination refers to the influence of the Holy 
Ghost, common to all Christians. 

(16) 



The Inspiration of the Bible. 17 

(4) Not all that is in the Bible has been directly revealed to 
man. It contains history and the language of men; even 
of wicked men. 

(5) But there is absolutely nothing in the Bible which is not 
inspired. The history recorded in the Bible is true; the 
language and deeds of good and evil men, even of 
Satan himself, though they may be evil, are faithfully 
recorded. 

(6) The sacred writers were so guided and influenced by the 
Spirit, that they have been preserved from every error of 
fact and of doctrine. The history remains history; things 
not sanctioned by God, recorded in the Bible, are to be 
shunned (2 Tim. 3: 16); nevertheless all these things were 
written under the guidance and influence of the Holy 
Spirit, and therefore inspired. 

(7) Christians have never laid claim, when in the possession 
of sound reason, to divine inspiration, and to an author- 
ity like that of the Apostles. They expect and receive 
aid from the Holy Spirit, and this we call spiritual illum- 
ination, but not revelation and the gift of inspired teach- 
ing. 

Seventh: If the Bible is not inspired, it has no authority. 
Eighth: If the Bible is inspired it has authority. 
Ninth: Without such an authority it cannot satisfy the three 
great wants of men: 

(1) To give man a firm and well-grounded faith. 

(2) To strengthen and raise feeble, sinful, irresolute, and 
suffering man. 

(3) To prescribe a rule to regulate his conduct and govern his 
passions. 

Tenth: The Scriptures expressly teach that they are inspired. 

(1) No man can deny that Moses and the prophets profess 
to have received a mission from Heaven, for the purpose 
of transmitting to men a revelation from God. 

(2) On the authority of the New Testament we can affirm: 
(a) Christ promised the aid of the Holy Spirit to his 

Apostles. Matt. 10: 19, 20; Luke 21: 14, 15; John 14: 16, 
26; 15:26; 16:7, 13, 14. 
(6) He promised this aid as an extraordinary and special 
gift intended for the special times of the primitive 
Church. John 15: 26, 27; 16:12-15. 



18 The Calling or Vocation. 

(c) This was fulfilled in an extraordinary and special 
manner on the day of Pentecost. Acts 2. 

(d) These extraordinary and special gifts of the Holy 
Spirit were either given directly to the fellow-laborers 
of the Apostles, or transmitted to them by the Apostles 
themselves. I. Cor. 12: 4-11, 28; Rom. 12: 4-6; Eph. 4: 
11, 12; I. Tim. 4: 14. 

(3) The writers of the New Testament declare plainly and 
boldly that they were inspired. No one can ask proof 
more positive than is given in Gal. 1: 11, 12; Acts 15: 28; 
Eph. 3: 3-5; I. Thess. 2:13. 

(4) This claim of the sacred writers of the Old and New 
Testaments to a real inspiration, and to an authority 
which flows from it, was admitted by their contemporaries 
and successors. 

Eleventh: For an able discussion of this whole subject, and 
of the equally important one of Interpretation of the Bible, 
see the "Biblical Hermeneutics" of Elliott and Harsha, a 

i full outline of which is given in my "Theological Encyclo- 
paedia," Part I. Exegetical Theology {pp. 123-155). 



PART II. 

The Calling or Vocation. 

First: The Call is that act of grace by which the Holy Spirit, 
through the external preaching of the Word, makes known 
God's gracious will of salvation to those who are not mem- 
bers of His Kingdom. Acts 26: 17; Rom. 10: 13-15. 

Second: In contradistinction to this direct call, we may also 
speak of an indirect call, through conscience and the natural 
knowledge of God. Rom. 1: 19, 20; 2: 14, 15; Acts 14: 17; 
17:27. 

Third: God is earnest and sincere in his call. Matt. 23:37; 
I. Tim. 2:4; II. Pet. 3: 9; Luke 14: 23; Ezek. 18: 23, 32; 
33: 11. 

Fourth: The teaching of Jesus is very explicit. 

(1) The call is unto sinners. Matt. 9: 13; Luke 5: 32; 19: 10. 

(2) Unto the weary and heavy laden. Matt. 11: 28. 

(3) The parable of the great supper. Luke 14: 12-24. 



The Calling oh Vocation. 19 

(4) The parable of the marriage of the king's son. Matt 
22: 1-14. 
Fifth: The teaching of the Apostles. 

(1) God has called us out of darkness. I. Pet. 2: 9 

(2) To inherit a blessing. I. Pet. 3: 9. 

(3) Unto his eternal glory in Christ. I. Pet. 5: 10. 

(4) According to his purpose. Rom. 8: 28, 

(5) Into the fellowship of His Son Jesus Christ our Lord. 
I. Cor. 1:9. 

(3) In peace. I. Cor. 7: 15; Col. 3: 15. 

(7) In the grace of Christ. Gal. 1 : 6, 15. 

(8) For freedom. Gal. 5: 13. 

(9) In the one hope of our calling. Eph. 4: 1, 4. 

(10) Into His own Kingdom and glory. I. Thess. 2: 12. 

(11) In sanctirlcation. I. Thess. 4: 7. 

(12) Unto life eternal. I. Tim. 6: 12. 

Sixth: This call is the power of God unto salvation, able 
to effect regeneration and conversion, if not resisted by the 
perverse will of man. Rom. 1 : 16. 

Seventh: This call is rejected by many. Matt. 22: 14; Luke 
14: 18; Acts 13: 46; Rom. 10: 16, 21. 

Eighth: A rejection of the call brings 'about a hardening of 
the heart. John 12: 40; II. Cor. 2: 15, 16. 

Ninth: This call is to become universal. Matt. 28: 19, 20; 
Mark 16: 15; Luke 24: 47. Whose fault is it that the Gospel 
is not made known to all men? 

Tenth: The instrumental cause, by which the call is given, 
is the preaching of the Word. II. Thess. 2: 14; Rom. 10: 17. 

Eleventh: The moving internal cause is the mercy and good- 
ness of God, founded on the merit of Christ. II. Tim. 1: 9. 

Twelfth: The proclamation of the call is entrusted to the 
ministers of the Gospel. II. Cor. 5: 20. 



STUDY V. 

PART I. 

The Chronology and Geography of the 
New Testament. 

First: The two eyes of history are chronology and geography. 
Second: The chronology of the life of Christ. {Drill.) 

Dec. 25, B.C. 5. Birth. 

April, A.D. 8. The child Jesus in the Temple. 

A.D. 8-26. The eighteen years' retirement in Nazareth. 

Feb., A.D. 27. The Temptation of Christ. 

April, A.D. 27. At the first Passover. John 2: 13-25. 

April, A D. 28. At the second Passover. John 5: 1-47. 

April, A.D. 29. At the third Passover. John 6: 4. 

Friday, April 7, A.D. 30. Crucifixion of Christ. 

Sunday, April 9, A.D. 30. Resurrection. 

Thursday, May 18, A D. 30. Ascension into Heaven. 
(For fuller details see Harmony in Study VI.) 
TrriiiD: The Chronology of the life of Paul. (Drill.) 

A.D. 1. Birth. 

37. Conversion. 

45. First Missionary Journey. 

50. Council at Jerusalem. 

50-54. Second Missionary Journey. 

52. Writes I. and II. Thessalonians. 

54-58. Third Missionary Journey. 

57. Writes Gal., I. and II. Cor., Romans. 

58. Arrested in Jerusalem. 

59. In prison at Csesarea. 

60. Voyage to Rome. 

62. Writes Col., Eph., Philemon, Phil. 

63 Released from prison. Writes Hebrews. 

67. Writes I. Timothy and Titus. 

68. Second captivity at Rome. Writes II. Timothy. Death. 
Fourth: Other dates of sacred chronology. 

44 A.D. Martyrdom of James, Acts 12: 1, 2. 

60-70. Three Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles were 

written. 
68. Martyrdom of Peter. 

(20) 



Chronology and Geography of the New Testament. 21 

70. Destruction of Jerusalem. 

90-100. John writes the Apocalypse, his Gospel, and three 

Epistles. 
98-100. Death of John. 
Fifth: Roman Emperors. (Brill.) 

Augustus (27 B.C.-14 A.D.), Tiberius (14-37), Caligula (37- 
41). Claudius (41-54), Nero (54-68), Galba (68), Otho and 
Vitellius (69), Vespasian (69-79). Titus (79-81), Domitian 
(81-96), Nerva (96-98), Trajan (98-117). 
Sixth: The importance of being acquainted with the geog- 
raphy of the New Testament world. 
Seventh: Point out on the map the principal countries re- 
ferred to in the New Testament. {Drill.) 
Libya, Egypt, Arabia, Palestine, Phoenicia, Syria, Mesopo- 
tamia, Asia Minor, Thrace, Macedonia, Achaia or Greece, 
Illyricum, Italy. 
Eighth: The principal seas. {Drill.) 
Mediterranean, Black, iEgean, Adriatic, Sea of Galilee, 
Dead Sea. 
Niis :h: The principal Islands. (Drill.) 

Cyprus, Crete, Patmos, Sicily, Melita or Malta. 
Tenth: The provinces of Asia Minor. (Drill.) 
North — Bithynia, Paphlagonia, Pontus. 
West— Mysia, Lydia, Caria. These three form "the Asia" 

of lets. 
South— Lycia, Pamphylia, Cilicia. 

Interi /•— Galatia, Cappadocia, Lycaonia, Pisidia, Phrygia. 
Eleventh: The provinces of Palestine. (Drill.) 

Judea, Samaria, Galilee, Persea, Bashan. 
Twelfth: Dimensions of Western Palestine. (Drill.) 
(1) Area, 6,600 square miles (less than Massachusetts). 
<2) From Dan to Beersheba, 180 miles; the coast line from 
Gaza to ?idon, 180 miles; from Dan to the Mediterranean, 
about 25 miles; from the Dead Sea to the Mediterranean, 
passing G^.a, 60 miles; the valley of the Jordan from 
Dan to the . "ead Sea, 134 miles. 
Thirteenth: Natural divisions of Palestine. (Drill.) 

(1) The Maritima Plain, 8 to 20 miles wide. 

(2) The Shephelah, or foot-hills, 300 to 500 feet high. 
(8) The Mountain Region, from 2,500 to 4,000 feet high. 

(4) The Jordan Valley, a deep ravine, from 600 to 1000 feet 
below the level of the sea, and from 2 to 14 miles wide. 



22 Chronology and Geography of the New Testament. 

(5) The Eastern Table-land. 
Fourteenth: Locate the Mountains of Palestine. {Drill.) 
Lebanon, Hermon, Tabor, Gilboa, Carmel, Ebal, Gerizim, 
Zion, Olives. 
Fifteenth: Locate the principal Plains. {Brill.) 
Phoenicia, SharoD, Philistia, Esdraelon, the Negeb, Jordan 
Valley, the Hauran. 
Sixteenth: Locate the principal Towns of Palestine. {Drill.) 
Gaza, Joppa, Ccesarea, Hebron, Bethlehem, Jerusalem, 
Bethel, Shechem, Samaria, Nazareth, Cana, Jericho, 
Capernaum, Bethsaida, Dan. 
Seventeenth: Locate the places mentioned in Paul's first 
Missionary Journey (Acts 13: 1 — 14: 28). {Drill.) 
Antioch in Syria, Seleucia, Island of Cyprus, Salamis, 
Paphos, Perga, Antioch in Pisidia, Iconium, Lystra, Derbe, 
return to Perga, thence to Attalia, to Antioch. 
Eighteenth: Locate the places mentioned in Paul's Second 
Missionary Journey (Acts 15 : 36—18 : 22). ( Drill. ) 
Syria, Cilicia, Derbe, Lystra, Phrygia, Galatia, Troas, Phil- 
ippi, Amphipolis, Apollonia, Thessalonica, Berea, Athens, 
Corinth, Cenchrea, Ephesus, Caesarea, Jerusalem, Antioch. 
Nineteenth: Locate the places mentioned in Paul's third 
Missionary Journey (Acts 18: 23—21: 15). {Drill.) 
Antioch, Galatia, Phrygia, Ephesus, Troas, Macedonia, 
Greece, Philippi, Troas, Assos, Mitylene, Chios, Samos, 
Trogyllium, Miletus, Cos, Rhodes, Patara, Tyre, Ptolemais, 
Csesarea, Jerusalem. 
Twentieth: Locate the places mentioned in Paul's voyage to 
. Rome (Acts 27 : 1—28 : 16). ( Drill. ) 

Csesarea, Sidon, Myra, Crete, Fair Havens, Melita or Malta, 
Syracuse, Rhegium, Puteoli, Appii Forum, Three Taverns, 
Rome. 
Twenty-first: The best work for the student to use is Hurl- 
but' s "Manual of Biblical Geography." 



PART II. 
Illumination. 
First: The natural man does not receive the things of the 

Spirit of God. I. Cor. 2: 14. 
Second: Because the mind of the flesh is enmity against God. 
Rom. 8: 7. 



Illumination. 23 

Third: The wisdom of the world is opposed to saving 

knowledge. I. Cor. 1: 20-25; II. Cor. 10: 4, 5. 
Fourth: The natural mind is darkened in understanding, 

and alienated from the life of God. Eph. 4: 18; Acts 26: 18; 

II. Cor. 4:4. 
FiFTn: Illumination is that act of the Holy Spirit by which 

the intellect of man is enlightened. 

(1) With reference to his sinfulness and misery. Gal. 3: 22. 

(2) With reference to the free grace of God in Christ. Eph. 
1 : 18-20. 

Sixth: Through the intellect, the will of man is also enlight- 
ened. Tit. 2: 11, 12. 

Seventh: Paul prays that the Colossians may be enlightened, 
in order that they may lead a life of sanctification. Col. 1: 
9, 10. 

Eighth: We may distinguish between illumination and re- 
generation as follows: 

(1) Illumination refers more to the intellect; regeneration 
more to the will. 

(2) Illumination consists rather in a knowledge of God's 
will, as revealed in His word; regeneration rather in the 
gift of faith and the implanting of a new life. 

(3) Illumination prepares the way; regeneration follows. 
Ninth: Illumination differs also from sanctification. 

(1) By illumination we seek to make the intellect more per- 
fect; by sanctification, the will 

(2) The effect of illumination is knowledge, Eph. 1: 18; 
II. Cor. 4:6; the effect of sanctification is holiness and 
righteousness, Eph. 4: 24. 

Tenth: The supernatural illumination of the Holy Spirit 
through the Word, can be resisted. II. Cor. 4: 3, 4. 

Eleventh: The Holy Spirit enlightens us through the Word 
of God, heard, read, or meditated upon. II. Pet. 1: 18, 19. 

Twelfth: The importance of committing Scripture to mem- 
ory in our youth. The word of God, thus committed, 
always retains its illuminating power. 

Thirteenth: Men are enlightened especially by the teaching 
and preaching of the word. Eph. 3:8, 9. 

(1) Enlightening grace may also be called teaching grace. 
John 14: 26. 

(2) As well as anointing grace, I. John 2: 20, 27. 



24 Illumination. 

(3) It in fact opens the eyes of the mind. Acts 26: 18. 

(4) And takes away the veil which keeps out the light of the 
Gospel. II. Cor. 4: 3, 4; John 5: 35. 

Fourteenth: There are three helps to spiritual illumination : 

(1) Prayer. Eph. 1: 17, 18; Col. 1: 9; James 1: 5. 

(2) Meditation. John 5: 39; Acts 17: 11; Ps. 1; 1-3; 119: 
97-100. 

(3) Trials. Ps. 119: 71, 72. 

Fifteenth: Through the preaching of the law comes the 
knowledge of sin. Rom. 3:20; 7:7; Gal. 3:24. 

Sixteenth: Through the Gospel we receive the knowledge 
of the grace of God in Christ. II. Cor. 4: 4-6; 3:6-9. 

Seventeenth: Ordinary illumination is progressive, the 
mind receiving continuously more and more light of the 
truth. II. Pet. 3. 18; Col. 1:9, 10; Hosea 6: 1-3. 

Eighteenth: We may draw a distinction between literal and 
spiritual illumination. 

(1) Literal illumination pertains to the external and intel- 
lectual knowledge of the doctrines of religion, and pro- 
duces simply an historical assent to the Gospel, preparing 
the mind of the unregenerate to receive saving faith. 
II. Pet. 1:19; Eph. 3:9. 

(2) Spiritual illumination is the work of the Holy Spirit in 
the mind of the truly regenerate, when the truth is not 
only known and admitted, but sealed by the internal testi- 
mony of the Spirit graciously dwelling in the heart. 
Eph. 1: 17, 18; Col. 1:9-11; Phil. 1:9, 10; II. Pet. 1: & 



STUDY VI. 

PART I. 
On a Harmony of the Four Gospels. 

First: The first three Gospels are commonly called synoptical, 
because they each give to some extent a synopsis of Christ's 
life. 

Second: The Gospel of John has very little in common with 
the first three Gospels, and is supplementary. 

Third: A harmony has great practical value to the student. 

(1) It enables us to study the life of Christ in chronological 
order. 

(2) It enables us to compare the parallel accounts. 

(3) It gives vividness to the earthly life and teachings of 
Christ, enabling us to follow Christ from place to plase. 

Fourth: There are many difficulties in forming a harmony. 

Fifth: Each Gospel contains something peculiar to itself, 
and each has something in common with the others. (Se$ 
Harmony. ) 

Sixth: As Matthew writes for the evident purpose of proving 
that Jesus is the Messiah promised in the Old Testament, 
we need not expect a chronological biography, and only the 
earlier (Matt. 1: 1—4: 22) and later (Matt. 14: 1—28: 20) 
chapters of his Gospel have any chronological order. (See 
Harmony.) 

Seventh: Luke is mainly chronological, but a long passage 
(9: 51 — 18: 14), containing the history of about five of the 
last six months of Christ's ministry, is peculiar to Luke. 
(See Harmony.) 

Eighth: John alone gives us an account of the first year of 
Christ's ministry, and His Gospel, except the last four chap- 
ters, mainly consists of conversations of Christ, peculiar to 
John. (See Harmony.) 

Ninth: Study carefully the seventy-eight questions given 
at the bottom of the harmony. (See Harmony.) 
(25) 



The following chronological table of the Gospel History, 
exhibiting a harmony of the four Gospels, has been prepared 
with great pains, after a careful and repeated study of the 
most valuable works, both ancient and modern, which bear 
directly or indirectly on this important subject. 

It is impossible to give, in this connection, the reasons for 
adopting this particular order in disputed passages. 

An attempt has also been made to indicate the places where and 
the time when the events appear to have taken place. In this 
respect the writer is greatly indebted to the valuable works of 
Wieseler, Ebrard, Greswell, Andrews, Tischendorf, Kobinson 
and Gardiner. 

The best method of studying the Gospel History is by means 
of a harmony, and of the four Gospels, Mark deserves to be 
studied first, because it supplies the best basis for constructing 
a harmony, being written in chronological order. A harmony 
also furnishes the best analysis of a particular Gospel, and in 
the harmony here given, the analysis of the Gospel of Mark, 
being chronological, can be traced by the occurrence of the 
full face type. 



HARMONY OF THE GOSPELS. 



27 



HARMONY OF THE FOUR GOSPELS. 



PART I. 

EVENTS CONNECTED WITH THE BIRTH 
AND CHILDHOOD OF OUR LORD. 



C. 6.- 



p. 8. 



11 



Time : About 13% years 
Sect. 

1. Preface 

2. The Announcement of the Birth of John the 

Baptist. Jerusalem. Autumn, b. c. 6. 

3. The Announcement of the Birth of Jesus.! 

Nazareth. Spring, b. C. 5. 

4. Mary visits Elizabeth 

Hill Country of Judaza. April — June, b. c. 5. 

5. Birth of John the Baptist 

Hill Country of Judaea. June, b. c. 5. 

G. The Birth of Jesus Christ 

Bethlehem. Dec. 25, b. c. 5. 

7. The Genealogies of Jesus Christ 

8. An Angel announces the Birth to the Shep- 

herds. Near Bethlehem. Dec., b. c. 5. 

9. The Circumcision and Presentation in the Tern 

pie. Bethlehem and Jerusalem. Jan.— Feb., b. C. 4 

10. The Visit of the Wise Men ; 

Jerusalem and Bethlehem. Feb., b. c. 4. 

The Flight into Egypt 

Feb., b. c. 4. 

12. The Return to Nazareth , 

Spring. B. c. 4. 

13. The child Jesus in the Temple with the Doc- 

tors. Jerusalem. Passover. April, A. D. 8 

14. Christ's eighteen years' retirement in Naza- 
reth. A. d. 8— a. d. 26. 



PART II. 

FROM THE BEGINNING OF JOHN THE 
BAPTIST'S MINISTRY TO OUR LORD'S J 
FIRST PASSOVER. 
Time : About 9 months. Summer, a. d. 26 — April, 

A.D. 27. 

15. The Preaching and Baptism of John. 

The desert and the Jordan. Autumn, a. d. 26 

16. The Baptism of Christ 

Bethany beyond Jordan. Jan., a. d. 27. 

17. The Temptation of Christ 

The desert beyond Jordan. Jan. — Feb., a. d. 27, 

18. The Testimony of John the Baptist 

Bethany beyond Jordan. Feb., a. d. 27. 



Matt. 



Mark. 



1: 1 



1 : 18-25 



1-12 



3: 1-12 

3: 13-17 



4: 1-11 



Luke. 



5-25 
26-38 

39-56 

57-80 

1-7 

23-38 

8-20 

21-38 



1: 2-8 
1: 9-11 
1:12,13 



2 : 39, 40 

2: 41-50 
2 : 51, 52 



3: 1-18 
3 : 21, 22 
4: 1 13 



John. 



1 : 1-14 



1: 15-34 



Part I. — 1 . Into how many parts may the Gospel History be divided ? 2 "What doeg 
the first part comprise ? 3. When and where was Christ born? 4. How much older 
was John the Baptist ? 5. Give a brief account of the life of Christ to the age of 
twelve. 6. Describe the visit to Jerusalem. 7. How many years did Christ live in re- 
tirement ? 8. Where ? 9. What was His age at the end of this period ? 

Part II.— 9. What period doe3 the second part cover ? 10. When and where did John 
the Baptist begin his ministry ? 11. How old was Christ at his baptism ? 12. nov iorx^ 
wa3 Christ tempted ? 13. Mention all the events that occurred during the month of 
February, a. d. 27. 



HARMONY OF THE GOSPELS. 



HARMONY OF THE FOUR GOSPELS. 



19. The Calling of Andrew and Simon Peter.. 
Near the Jordan, Feb., A. d. 27. 

20. The Calling of Philip and Nathanael 

On the ivaij to Galilee, Feb., a. d. 27. 

21. The Marriage of Cana, and Departure to 
Capernaum." Galilee, Feb., A. v. 21 



Matt. I Maek. Luke. 



PART III. 

the events of the first year of our 

lord's ministry. 

Time: One year. Passover, April, A. D. 27 — Pass- 
over, April, a.d. 21. (7S0-7S1) Year of Rome. 

22. At the Passover, Christ purgeth the Temple .. 

Jerusalem, April, A. D. 27. 

23. The Conversation with Nicodernus 

Jerusalem, April, a. d. 27. 

24. J 'sus baptizes by his disciples 

Jndsea. Summer, a. d. 27. 

25. Further testimony of John the Baptist 

JEnon, near the Jordan. Autumn, a.d 27. 

2G. Christ's discourse with the woman of Samaria. 
Shechem or Sychar. Dec, a. d. l7. 

27. The Healing of th9 Nobleman's Son 

Cana of Galilee. Probably, Jan., a. d. 28. 

PART IV. 

THE EVENTS OF THE SECOND YEAR OF 

OUR lord's MINISTRY. 

Time: On* year. Passover, April, a.d. 28— Passover, 

April, A. D. 29. (781-7S2) Year of Pome. 

28. Our Lord's second Passover, and the Miracle at 

the Pool of Bethesda. Jerusalem, April, a. d. 28. 

29. The Imprisonment of John the Baptist 

April, a. d. 28. 

30. The Beginning of Christ's Ministry in 



1: 33-42 
1 : 63-51 

2 ; 1-12 



3: 



: 13-25 
: 1-21 

22 

23-36 

1-42 
43-5-1 



4 : 12, 17 



1:14,15 4:14,1: 
4: 10-30 



Galilee. April, a.d. 28 

31. Christ's preaching and rejection at Nazareth 

April, A. D. 28. | i 

32. He fixes his abode at Capernaum, April, a.d. 28. 4 : 13-10 

33. The Call of the first four Disciples. Sea of 1-. 18-221: 16 
Galilee, near Capernaum, April— May, a. d. 28. 

34. TheCureofaDemoniacintheSynagogue 
at Capernaum. May, a. d. 28 |l: /i-za*: - 



4:31,3: 
5: 1-11 



5: 1-47 



Part III.— 14. "What was the length of our Lord's ministry? 15. What time does the 
third part include? 10. What is the date of the first Passover in our Lord's ministry? 
the second? the third? the fourth? 17. Which Evangelist records the early Judean 
ministry of our Lord ? 18. Did Christ himself baptize ? John 4 : 2. 19. Sketch the 
history of this period. t 

p^ r t IV.— 20. What period does the fourth part cover? 21. When was John the 
Baptist impri soned ? 22. How long had his ministry continued ? 23. In what year oi 
iiis ministry did Christ begin His labors in Galilee ? 24. What city became the centre 
ot His labors? 25. What distinctive title is given to it? Matt. 9 : 1. 2G. When and 
where were the first four disciples called? 27. Their names? 



HARMONY OF THE GOSPELS. 



29 



HAKMONY OF THE FOUR GOSPELS. 



35. 

36. 

37. 
33. 
39. 
40. 
41. 

42. 

43. 
44. 

45. 

4G. 
47. 
48. 
49. 

50. 

51. 

52. 

53. 

54. 

55. 

56. 

57. 
58. 

59. 



Matt, j Mask. Like. John. 



The Healing of Peter's wife's mother, 

and many Others. Capernaum. The same\ S 
3-ibbath as last. May, a. d. 28. 
Christ retires to pray, and preaches I 



14-17:1:29-34 4: 38-41 ' 



4: 23,241: 



2-4 



1-8 



3: 



throughout Galilee. May, a. d. 28 
The Cleansing of a Leper. In one of the 
cities of Galilee. May, a. d. 28. 
The Healing of a Paralytic at Capernaum. 
Summer, a. d. 28. 

The Call and Feast of St. Matthew. Ca-\ 9 
pernaum. Summer, A. n. 28. 

The Discourse about Fasting. Galilee. 9: 14-17 2 
Summer, A. D. 28. 
The Disciples pluck Ears of Corn on the 

Sabbath. Near Capernaum. After Pentecost. 
Summer, A. D. 28. 

The Healing of a Man with a withered 

Hand. Probably Capernaum. Midsummer, 

a. D. 28. 

The Phariseesbegin to plot against Jesus. 1 12: 1-4 

Probably Capernaum. Midsummer, A. D. 2S. j 

Jesus withdraws to the Sea of Galilee J! 
where he heals many. Midsummer, a.p.2S.; 12: 15-21 
He retires to the Mountain, and chooses j; 

his Twelve Apostles. Near Capernaum, ! 10 : 2-4 
Midsummer, A. d. 28. 

Multitudes follow him. Near Capernaum. 
Midsummer, A. D. 28. 

The Sermon on the Mount. Near Capernaum. 
Midsummer, a. d. 28. 

Christ's return to Capernaum, and the 
Anxiety of'his Friends. Midsummer, a.d. 28 
The Healing of the Centurion's servant. Ca- 
pernaum. Midsummer, a. d. 28. 
Jesus restores to life the only son of a widow. 
At Nain. Midsummer, a. d. 28. 
John the Baptist's Question. Probably Ca- 
pernaum. Midsummer, a. D. 28. 
Christ's testimony concerning John the Bap- 
tist. Probably Capernaum. 3Iidsummer, A.D.2S 11: 7-19 

Jesus is anointed by a penitent woman. P?-o- 

bably at Capernaum. Autumn, a. d. 2S. 
Christ continues his circuit in Galilee, with 

the Twelve. Autumn, a. D.28 ' : 

The Accusation of casting out devils by 
Beelzebub. Capernaum. Autumn, a. d. 28. 12 : 22-30 3 : 
Elas-phemy against the Holy Ghost, j 12:31-37 3: 

Same'placeand time. 

Seeking after a Sign. Same place and time | 12 : 3S-42 ... 

The Heturn of the Unclean Spirit. Same place 12:43-45 ... 

and time. 

Christ's Mother and Brethren come to 

Him. Same place and time ' 12:46-50 3: 

Parables. By the Sea of Galilee and in Caper- 
naum. Autumn, a. D. 2S. U [ 



35-394: 42-4* 
40-45 5 : 12-16 

: 1-12 5 : 17-26 

13-17 5: 27-32 

I 
18-22 5 : 33-39 

| 
2: 23-28 6: 1-5 



12: 9-13.3: 1-5 6: G-10 



3: 6 



7-12 

13-19 6: 12-16 

i 

! 6: 17-19 



1 
5-13 



11: 2-6 



19-21 7 : 1 

7: 2-10 

17: 11-17 

, 7: 18-23 

7: 24-35 



22-27 11: 14-21 
28-30 12: 10 



.. 11: 29-36 
.. 11:24-28 



31-35 S : 19-21 



2 Q . Who was the fifth disciple ? 29. When were " The Twelve' 
Sermon was delivered on this occasion? 31. Where is it recorded? 
Were performed at Capernaum? 

3 



chosen" 30. What 
32. What miracles 



30 



HARMONY OF THE GOSPELS. 



HARMONY OF THE FOUR GOSPELS. 



Matt. 



a) The Parable of the Sower 

b) The Reason why Jesus used Parables.... 

c) Explanation of the Parable of the Sower. 

d) The Parable of a Candle under a Bushel. 

e) The Parable of the Seed growing Se- 
cretly 

/) The Parable of the Wheat and Tares 

g) The Parable of the Mustard Seed 

h) The Parable of the Leaven 

i) Christ speaking in Parables 

ft) Explanation of the Parable of the Wheat and 
Tares 

7) The Parable of the Hidden Treasure 

?w)The Parable of the Pearl of Great Price 

n) The Parables of the Draw-net and the House- 
holder 

61. The Stilling of the Tempest on the Sea 
Of Galilee. Autumn, a. D. 28 

62. The Healing of the Gerasene Demoniacs. 
Tlie South-eastern Shore of the Sea of Galilee. 
Autumn a. d. 28. 

63. The Miracles of the Healing of the Wo- 
man with an issue of blood, and the 
Raising of the Daughter of Jairus. Ca- 
pernaum. Autumn, A. D. 28. 

64. The Healing of two Blind men. Near Caper- 
naum. Autumn, a. d. 28. 

65. The Healing of a Demoniac. Same 

66. Christ teaches at Nazareth, and is re- 
jected a second time. Autumn, a. d. 28.... 

67. Christ teaches throughout Galilee. Win- 
ter. Jan.-Feb.,A. d. 20. 

68. The Sendingforth of theTwelve Apostles 
Same. 

69. Herod's opinion of Christ. March-April, 
A. D. 29. 782 Year of Borne. 

70. Death^of John the Baptist. Castle of Ma- 
chserus, on the east side of Jordan. March- 
April, a. d. 29. 782 Year of Borne. 

71. The Feeding of the Five thousand. North- 
east Coast of the Sea of Galilee. April, A. j>. 29. 

72. Christ walks upon the Sea of Galilee. 
April, A. d. 29. 

73. He heals the sick at Gennesaret 

April, A. d. 29. 

74. The People follow Jesus to Capernaum 

April, a. d. 29. I 

75. Christ's Discourse concerning the Bread of 
Life. Capernaum. Near Passover, April, a.d. 23. 



13 : 1-9 
13: 10-17 
13: 18- 



13: 24-30 
13:31,32 
;13 : 33 
,13:34,35 

13: 30-43 
13: 44 
13:45,46 

13: 47-52 

8:18,23-7 



9: 18-26 

9: 27-31 

9: 32-34 

|l 3: 53-58 
9 : 35-38 

10:1-11:1 

14:1,2. 

14: 3-12 



14: 13-21 

I 

14: 22-33 



14: 34-36 



Mark. 



:l-9 
10-13 
U-20 

: 21-25 

26-29 
30-32 
33,34 



35-41 
1-20 



5: 21-43 



: 1-6 
: 6 

: 7-13 

: 14-16 

: 17-29 

: 30-44 

: 45-52 
: 53-56 



Luke. 



4-8 
9,10 
11-15 
16-18 



22-25 
20-39 



1-6 
7-9 



9: 10-17 



JiTHBtf. 



6: 1-15 
6: 10-21 



6: 22-24 

6:25-7:1 



33. Where did Christ speak many parables ? 34. How often was 0b.ri£S rejected at 
Nazareth ? 35. When was John the Baptist beheaded ? 



HARMONY OF THE GOSPELS. 



31 



HAEMONT OF THE FOUR GOSPELS. 



Matt. Maek. Luke. John 



PAET V. 

THE EVENTS OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE 

THIRD YEAR OF OUR LORD'S 

MINISTRY. 

Time, Skc months. Passover, April, a. d. 29 — Feast 

of Tabernacles, Oct., a. d. 29. 

782 Year of Rome. 

76. Christ confutes the Scribes and Phari- 
sees. Capernaum. Summer, A. D. 29 

77. Defilement. Same 

78. He heals the Daughter of a Syrophoeni- 
Cian Woman. Land of Tyre and Sidon. 
Summer, a. d. 29. 

79. The Healing of a Deaf and Dumb man, 
and many others. Decapolis, near the Sea of 
Galilee. Summer, a. d. 29. 

80. Christ feeds the Four Thousand. Same 

81. The Pharisees and Sadducees demand a 
Sign from Heaven. Magdala or Capernaum. 
Summer, a. d. 29. 

82. Warnings against the Pharisees and the 
Sadducees. North-east coast of the Sea of 
Galilee. Summer, A. D. 29. 

83. Christ heals a Blind man. Betltsaida. 
Summer, a. p. 29. 

84. The Confession of Peter. Begion of Csesa- 
rea Philippi. Summer, a. d. 29. 

85. Christ foretells his Passion. Same 

86. Rebuke of Peter. Same 

87. The Cross must be borne. Same 

88. The Transfiguration. Region of Csesarea 
Philippi. Probably on ML Sermon. Summer, 
A. D. 29. 

89. The Question as to the Coming of Elijah. 
Same. 

90. The Healing of the Lunatic Child 

Region of Csesarea Philippi. Summer, a. d. 29. 

91. Our Lord again foretells his Death and 
Resurrection. Galilee. Autumn, a. D. 29 

92. The Tribute Money 

Capernaum. Autumn, A. D. 29. 

93. Several discourses with the Disciples. 
Capernaum. Autumn, a. d. 29. 

(a) On the Greatest in the Kingdom of 
Heaven 

(b) On one Casting out Devils 

(c) On Offences 

(d) The Parable of the sheep gone astray. 

(e) The Treatment of an erring Brother.. 
(/) The Blessing promised to United Prayer 
(g) The Parable of the Unmerciful Servant. 



15:1-9 7:1-13 
15:10-20 7:14-23 

15: 21-28|7: 24-30 
7:31-37 



15: 29-31 
15:32-38 



15: 39- 
16:4 



8: 1-9 

8:10-12 



6: 5-12 8:13-21 
8: 22-26 



16: 13-20 8: 27-30 

6 : 21 8 : 31 
16:22, 23*8: 32,33 
16:24-28 8:34-9:1 
17: 1-9 9: 2-10 



17: 10-13 
17: 14-21 



17: 22, 23 

17: 24-27 



18 : 1-5 



18: 6-9 
18: 10-14 
18: 15-18 
IS: 19, 20 
18: 21-35 



9: 11-13 
9: 14-29 

9:30-32 



9 : 23-27 
9- 28-36 



9 : 37-42 



43-45 



9: 33-37 9 : 46-48 
9:38-41 9: 49,50 
9:42-50 



Part V— 36. Into how many parts can the last year of our Lord s ministry be di- 
vided? 37. What period does the fifth part cover? 38. Mention the countries which 
Christ visited during these six months ? 39. What are the most important events that 
occurred during this period? 



32 



HARMONY OF THE GOSPELS. 



HARMONY OF THE FOUR GOSPELS. 



PART VI. 
THE EVENTS FROM THE FEAST OF TABER- 
NACLES UNTIL OUR LORD'S FINAL 
ARRIVAL AT BETHANY. 

Time, about six months. 
Oct., a. D. 29— April, a. D. 30. 

94. Jesus goes up to the Feast of Tabernacles 

Road to Jerusalem. Oct., a. d. 29. 

95. Jesus at the Feast 

Jerusalem. Oct., a. d. 29. 

96. The Woman taken in adultery 

Jerusalem Oct., a. d. 29. 

97. Christ teaches in the Temple. Same 

98. The Healing of the man born blind 

, v tine. 

99. The Farable of the Good Shepherd 

Same. 

100. Our Lord's final Departure from Galilee 

Galilee and Samaria. Nov., a. d. 29. 

101. Warnings to certain who would follow 
Christ. Same 

102. He sends out the Seventy Disciples 

Probably Samaria, Nov., a. D. 29. 

103. The Doom of tho Impenitent Cities. Same... 

104. The Return of the Seventy 

Samaria and Perea. Nov — Dec, a. d. 29. 

105. God's truth revealed to the Humble 

Samaria, Nov., a.d. 29 

106. He journeys through Perea. Nov., a.d.29 

107. The Parable of the Good Samaritan 

Probably Perea, Nov., a.d. 29. 

108. The Disciples are again taught how to pray. 
Samaria or Perea, Nov., A.I). 29. 

109. Jesus reproves the Pharisees 

Probably Perea. Nov. — Dec, a. D. 29. 

110. Exhortation to the Disciples. Same 

111. The Parable of the Rich Fool. Same 

112. Discourses. Same 

113. How to regard Gcd's judgments. Same 

114. The Parable of the Barren Fig-tree. Same... 

115. Christ heals an Infirm Woman. Same 

116. Parables. Same 

117. Discourses on the Way to Jerusalem 

Perea. Dec, a.d. 29. 

118. He visits Mary and Martha 

Bethany, Dec, a. d. 29. 

119. The Discourse of Jesus at the Feast of Dedi- 
cation. Jerusalem. Dec, a.d. 29 

120. Jesus retires again to Perea. Bethany, beyond, 
Jordan. Dec, a. d. 29. 

121. The nealing of the Man with the Dropsy 
Perea, Dec, a. d. 29. 



Matt. 



Mark. Luke. J^hw. 



8: 19-22 



11:20-24 



11: 25-30 
19: 1,2 



10: 1 



9: 51-56 



57-62 
1-11 



12 16 
17-20 



10: 21-24 

10. 25-37 
11: 1-13 
11: 37-5-1 



1-12 
13-21 
22-59 
1-5 
6-9 
10-17 
18-21 
22-35 



10: 38-42 



7: 2-10 

7: 11-52 

7:53-8:11 

8: 12-59 
9: 1-39 

9: 40- 
10: 21 




Part VI. — 40. How long a period does the sixth part cover? 41. What feast did 
Christ attend in Oct., A. d. 29 ? 42. How long was this before His death ? 43. Who 
gives us an account of the doings of Christ during these last months ? 44. In what 
country did Christ now mainly labor ? 



HARMONY OF THE GOSPELS. 



33 



HARMONY OF THE FOUR GOSPELS. 



122. Christ teaches Humility. Same 

123. The Parable of the Great Supper. Same 

124. What is required of disciples 

Perea. Dec., a. d. 29. 

125. Parables. Same. 

a) The Parable of the Lost Sheep 

b) The Parable of the Lost Piece of Silver 

c) The Parable of the Prodigal Son 

d) The Parable of the Unjust Steward 

e) The Rebuke of the Pharisees. 

/ ) The Parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus. 

126. Various Sayings of Christ Perea. Dec, a.d.29 

a) On Offences 

b) On Forgiveness 

c) On Faith 

d) On Duty 

127. The Raising of Lazarus. Perea and Bethany. 
Jan.— Feb., A. D. 30. 

128. The Gathering of the Council of the Jews. 
Jerusalem. Jan. — Feb., A. d. 30. 

129. Christ abides in Ephraim 

Feb.— Mar., a. d. 30. 

130. He begins his last journey to Jerusalem. The 
borders of Galilee and Samaria. Mar.. a.D. 30 

131. The Cleansing of the ten Lepers. On the bor- 
ders of Samaria. March, A. D. 30. 

132. Discourse upon the coming of the Kingdom 
of God. Same , 

133 The Parable of the Unjust Judge. Same .... 

134. The Parable of the Pharisee and Publican 
Same. 

135. On Divorce and Marriage. Same 

136. Christ blesses little Children. Same.,..., 

137. The Rich Young Man. Same , 

138. On Riches. Same 

139. The Reward of them that leave ali for 
His sake. Same 

140. The Parable of the Laborers in the Vine- 
yard. Same 

141. Our Lord again foretells his Death and 

Resurrection. The Valley of the Jordan, 
near Jericho. March, a. d. 30. 

142. The Ambition of the Sons of Zebedee 

reproved. Near Jericho. March, A. D. 30. 

143. The Healing of two Blind Men near Je- 
richo. March, a. p. 30 

144. The Visit to Zacchceus. Jericho. March, 
a. D. 30. 

145. The Parable of the Pounds. Near Jerusalem. 
March, A. D. 30. 

146. Christ arrives at Bethan}', six days before 
the Passover. Friday evening, Nizan Sth, 
March 31st, a. d. 30. 



Matt. Mark. Luke. John 



7-11 
12-24 
25-35 



1-7 

8-10 
11-32 

1-13 
14-17 
19-31 

1,2 
3,4 
5,6 

7-10 



.111: 1-44 
ll:45-5a 
.11: 54 



19: 3-12 10 : 2-12 16 
19:13-15 10:13-16 18 
19:16-22 10:17-22 1* 
19: 23-26 10:23-27 18: 

I I 

19:27-30 10:28-31 IS: 



11 

12-19 



20-37 
: 1-8 
: 9-14 

: 18 
: 15-17 

18-23 
24-27 



20: 1-16 
20: 17-19 

20: 20-28 
20: 29-34 



10:32-34 



10:35 45 



2S-3 



18: 31-34 



10:46-52 IS: 
19 



35-43 
1-10 



19: 11-28 



11: 55- 

12: 1 



45. When was Lazarus raised from the dead ? 
journey to Jerusalem ? 
47. When did Christ arrive at Bethany ? 



When did Christ begin His last 



34 



HARMONY OF THE GOSPELS. 



HARMONY OF THE FOUR GOSPELS. 



147. 



PART VII. 

THE EVENTS OF OUR LORD'S PASSION 
AND DEATH. 

Time. Eight days. From Saturday, April 1, a. d. 
30, Nizan 9 — Sunday , April9 , a.d. 30, Nizan 17.' 
Saturday, April 1, a. d. 30. Nizan 9. 

Sunset on Friday — Sunset on Saturday. 
The Jews come to Bethany to see Jesus and 
Lazarus. Saturday (Sabbath) Afternoon and t 
Evening. 

Sunday, April 2, A. d. 30. Nizan 10. 

Sunset on Saturday - Sunset on Sunday. 

148. The Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem. 

Monday, April 3, a. d. 30. Nizan 11. 
Sunset on Sunday — Sunset on Monday. 

149. The Cursing of the Barren Fig-tree. 

150. The Second Cleansing of the Temple. 
Tuesday, April 4, a. d. 30. Nizan 12. 

Sunset on Monday — Sunset on Tuesday. 

151. The Withering of the Fig-tree and the 
Power of Prayer 

152. The Authority of Christ questioned 

153. The Parable of the Two Sons 

154. The Parable of the Wicked Husbandmen 

155. The Parable of the Wedding Garment 



156. Question as to paying Tribute to Caesar. 

157. Reply to the Sadducees concerning the 
Resurrection 

158. The First and Great Commandment 

159. How is Christ David's Son ? 

160. The Scribes and Pharisees condemned 

161. The Widow's Mite 

1G2. Certain Greeks desire to see Jesus 

163. The Unbelief of the Jews 

164. The Prophecy of the Destruction of Je- 
rusalem and the End of the World 

165. The Parable of the Ten Virgins 

166. The Parable of the Talents 

167. The Description of the Last Judgment 

•168. The Jews plot Christ's Death 

Wednesday, April 5, a. d. 30. Nizan 13. 
Sunset on Tuesday — Sunset on Wednesday. 

569. The Anointing by Mary of Bethany 

Afternoon and Evening. 

170. Judas agrees to betray Christ 

Thursday, April 6, a. d. 30. Niz an 14. 
Sunset on Wednesday — Sunset on Thursday. 

171. The Disciples sent to prepare the Pass- 
over 

172. Christ enters the City 



Matt. 



21: 1-11 



18,19 
12-17 



20-22 
23-27 
28-32 
33-46 
1-14 
15-22 

23-33 
34-40 
4146 
1-39 



1-51 
1-13 

14-30 
31-46 
1-5 



6-13 
14-16 



Mark. 



11: 1-11 



11: 12-14 
11: 15-19 



11:20-26 
11:27-33 

12: 1-12 

12:13-17 

12:18-27 
12:28-34 
12:35-37 
12:38-40 
12:41-44 



13: 1-37 

14: 1, 2 

14: 3-9 
14:10,11 



17-19 14:1216 

20 Il4: 17 



Luke. 



19: 29-44 



19: 45-48 
21:37,38 



20: 1-8 

20: 9-19 

20: 20-26 

20: 27-39 
20: 40 
20: 41-44 
20: 45-47 
21: 1-4 



21 : 5-36 



22: 1,2 



22 : 3-6 



22 : 7-13 
22: 14 



12 : 9-11 



12: 12-19 



12: 20-36 
12: 37-50 



12: 2- 



48. How many days are included in the seventh part? 49. When did a Jewish day 
"begin? 50. What occurred on Saturday, before Passion Week ? 51. Describe the events 
of Palm Sunday. 52. Of Monday in Passion Week. 5 5. Where did Christ spend his 
nights ? 54. Describe the events of Tuesday. 55. Where was Christ on Wednesday 2 
66. What occurred on that day ? 



HARMONY OF THE GOSPELS. 



/"VRMONY OF THE FOUR GOSPELS. 

Friday, April 7, a.d. 30. Nizax 15. 
Sunset on Thursday— Sunset on Friday. 

173. Christ reproves the Ambition of the Disci- 
ples. Thursday Everting. Nizan 15 

174. He washes the'Feet of the Disciples 

Thursday Evening. Nizan 15. 

175. The Announcement of the Betrayal 

TJiursday Evening. 

176. Judas withdraws. Thursday Evening 

177. The New Commandment. Thursday Evening. 

178. The Institution of the Lord's Supper 

TJiursday Evening. 

179. Peter's Denial foretold. Thursday Evening. 
ISO. Christ's Last Discourse. TJiursday Evening.. 

181. Christ's Sacerdotal Prayer. TJiursday Evening 

182. Christ enters the Garden ofGethsemane. 
Thursday Evening, near midnigJit. 

183. The Agony in Gethsemane. Early Friday 
morning, between midnigJit and one o'clock. 

184. The Betrayal and Taking of Jesus 

Friday morn., probably between 1 and 2 o^cloch. 

185. Christ is first taken before Annas 

Early Friday Morning. 

186. Jesus is taken before Caiaphas 

Early Friday Morning. 

187. The Mocking of the Servants. Same 

188. Peter's Denial and Repentance. Same... 

189. Jesus before the Council 

Daybreak, Friday Morning. 

190. The Sanhedrim lead Jesus to Pilate 

Daybreak, Friday Morning. 

191. Judas repents and hangs himself 

192. Jesus before Pilate. 6-7 a. m 

193. Pilate sends Jesus to Herod. 7-8 a.m 

194. Jesus again before Pilate. 7-9 a.m 

195. Jesus mocked by the Roman soldiers.... 
Friday Morning, 7-9 a.m. 

196. "Behold the Man." , 

197. Pilate's last conversation with Jesus. 7-9 a.m. 
198. The Crucifixion. 9 a.m— 3 p.m 

199. The Burial. 4-6 p.m 

Saturday, April 8, a.d. 30. Xizan 1 6. 
Sunset on Friday — Sumeton Saturday. Sabbath. 

200. The Watch'at the Tomb 



Matt 



26:21 25 



Mark. 



Luke. 



14:18-21 



22: 24-30 



22: 21-23 



John. 



1-20 
21-26 



26: 26-29 14:22-25 22: 19, 20 
22:15-18i 
26:30-35 14:26-31 22:31-3Sjl3: 
14: 



:36 
37-46 

47-56 



26: 



57-66 
67,68 
1 
2 



14: 32 

14:33-42 

14:43-52 



14:53-64 



17 

: 39, 40 lb 



27-30 
31-35 



20-38 
1-10:33 
1-26 
1,2 



22: 

22:41-46 

22:47-53 IS: 3-12 



14: 65 
69-75 14:66-72 22 
22 



22:54,55 
22: 



15: 1 
15: 1 



3-10 
11-14'15: 2-5 



63-65 
50-62 
66-71 



23:1 



13,14, 

24 

19-23 

[25-27 

15-18, 



:28 



23: 

1 123: 

15-26 45: 6-15 23: 
27-3145:16-19 .... 



2-5 !18: 
6-12 

13-25 IS: 



10: 
19: 

:32-56 15:20-41 23:26-49 19: 
: 57-61 15:42-47 23:50-56 19: 



29-38 

39. 40 
13 

4-7 

8-16 

17-37 



PART VIII. 



THE 



27:62-66: 



EVENTS FROM OUR LORDS RESUR- 
RECTION TO HIS ASCENSION. 

'Pime: 40 Days. From Sunday, April 9, Nizan 17, 
— TJairsday, May IS, a.d. 30. 7S3 Year of Borne. 
201. The Resurrection 



57. Describe the events of Thursday. 58. "When did Good Friday begin, according 
to Jewish reckoning ? 59. Git e an account of all that happened on Thursday evening. 
60. Where was Christ about midnight? 61. When did the betrayal take place? 62. 
Give an account of Christ's trial. ""63. How long was Christ on the cross ? 64. Give an 
account of his crucifixion. 65. Of his burial. "66. V»"hac occurred on Saturday after 
Christ's death ? 



HARMONY OF THE GOSPELS. 



HARMONY OF THE FOUR GOSPELS. 



a) Mary Magdalene and the other women 
come to embalm Christ 28:1,2 

b) Mary Magdalene runs to find Peter and John. 



Matt. Mark. Luke. Jqi 



c) The other women enter the Sepulchre. 

d) Peter and John come to the Sepulchre and 
then go away i 

e) Mary Magdalene comes the second time! 
and our Lord makes his Fiest Appear- 
ance | 

/) Christ appears to the other women on their 
return from the Sepulchre. The Second 
Appearance. 

g) The Disciples do not believe the Testi- 
mony of Mary Magdalene and the other 
women 

202. The Report of the Watch 

203. Christ appears to Peter (1 Cor. 15: 5). The; 
Third Appearance. 

204. Christ appears to Two Disciples on their 
way to Emmaus. The Fourth Appear- 
ance. 

205. He appears to the Apostles at Jerusalem, 
Thomas being absent. The Fifth Ap- 
pearance. 

20G. He appears again, Thomas being present. 

The Sixth Appearance. 
207. He appears to seven of them as they fish in 

the Sea of Galilee. The Seventh Appear- 



■V> 



28: 9,10 



28: 11-15 



16 : 1-4 



16:5-8 



*\ 



24: 1, 2 



16:9 



16:10,11 



16:12,13 



16: 14 



208. Christ appears to the Apostles on a 
mountain in Galilee (1 Cor. 15: 6). The 28 
Eighth Appearance. 

209. The Ascension into Heaven. Thursday, 
May 18, a. d., 30. The Ninth Appearance. 

210. Conclusion 



16:15-18 
16:19,20 



24: 3-6 
24:12 



24: 



9-11 
34 

13-35 

36-43 



20:1 
20:2 



20: 3-10 
•20: 11-17 



20: 18 



20: 19-25 
10: 2G-29 



21 : 1-24 



20: 30, 31 
21: 25 



67. What is the last division of Christ's life? 63. Describe the events of that first Easter 
Day. 69. How often did Christ appear on the day of his resurrection ? 70. Describe these 
appearances. 71. How many appearances are recorded in the Gospels? 72. How often 
did Christ manifest himself visibly after his resurrection ? Ten times. 73. What appear- 
ance is not recorded in the Gospels ? 1 Cor. 15 : 7. 

General Questions. 

74. How old was Christ when he was crucified? 75 What was the length of his 
ministry? 76. How may the Gospel History be divided? 77. How many Passovers 
occurred during Christ's ministry? 78. What is the best method of becoming ac- 
quainted with the facts of Christ's earthly life? By studying the Gospel History by 
means of a Harmony. 

First Reading. — TJie Gospel of St. Mark; in sections that Mark omits, read the first 
Gospel that records the narrative. Second Reading. — Take the Gospel of St. Mark as 
your guide, and read as before, but in parallel passages read Matthew. Third Re*j>«- 
ing. — As before, but in parallel passages read St. Luke. . Fourth Reading. — Asbe«**^ 
but in parallel passages read St. John. 



Regeneration. 37 

PART II. 

Regeneration. 

First : By our natural birth we are born in sin, members of 

the kingdom of the world, by nature children of wrath. 

John 3: 6; Eph. 2:3; Ps. 51:5 
Second: This corruption of the human heart requires a new 

birth, the implanting of a new life. John 3: 7; Rom. 8:6-8. 
Third: Because there can be no entrance into the Kingdom 

of God without this new birth. John 3:3; II. Cor. 5: 17. 
Fourth: For as by our birth we become partakers of Adam's 

nature, and death reigned in us (Rom. 5: 12, 17), so we must 

become partakers of the divine nature (II. Pet. 1 : 4) that we 

may have life, Rom. 5: 17. 
Fifth: This new birth is described in the New Testament as — 

(1) A being born or begotten of God. John 1: 13; I. John 
3:9; 4:7; 5: 1, 18. 

(2) A being born anew (or from above). John 3:3, 7. 

(3) A being born of water and the Spirit. John 3: 5. 

(4) A being born of the Spirit. John 8:6, 7. 

(5) A being begotten again. I. Pet. 1: 23. 

(6) A quickening, or making alive. Eph. 2: 1, 5; Col. 2: 13. 

(7) A new creation. Gal. 6: 15; II. Cor. 5: 17. 

(8) A spiritual resurrection from the dead. Rom. 6: 4-6; 
Eph. 2:1,5; Col. 2:12, 13. 

(9) The new man, the inward man. Eph. 4: 24; Rom. 7: 22; 
II. Cor. 4: 16. 

(10) A washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy 
Ghost. Tit. 3:5. 

Sixth: We may distinguish between Regeneration, or the 
New Birth, in its stricter sense, and in its wider sense. 

(1) In its stricter sense, as we here use it, regeneration refers 
to the beginning of the new life, the new birth proper, 
that act of God by which He implants in man the spiritual 
power to believe in Christ and thus to begin a spiritual 
life. In this strict sense it 'precedes faith proper, and pro- 
duces faith in man that he may attain justification, reno- 
vation, sanctification, and eternal salvation. John 1: 13; 
I. John 5:1; Tit. 3:5, 6. 

(2) In its broader sense it includes justification, renovation, 
and sanctification, and refers to the spiritual life in gen- 



38 Regeneration- 

eral. This latter is the popular usage of the word, as 
when we speak of "a regenerated man," i. e., one who is 
a true Christian. 

Seventh: We here use the word in its stricter and narrow 
meaning as the beginning of the new life, the first implant- 
ing of life in the mind, as the new birth, and in this sense 
regeneration is that act of the Holy Spirit by which God 
produces faith in us. 

Eighth: Before regeneration the intellect and will of man 
are — 

(1) In darkness. Eph. 5: 8; John 1: 5. 

(2) Incapable of receiving the things of the Spirit of God. 
I. Cor. 2.14. 

(3) At enmity against God. Rom. 8: 7. 

Ninth: After regeneration the intellect and will of man are — 

(1) In the light. Eph. 5:9. 

(2) Capable of spiritually knowing the glory of God. II. Cor. 
4:6. 

(3) Alive unto God in Christ Jesus. Rom. 6: 11. 

Tenth: Regeneration, or the new birth, is effected by the 
Holy Spirit through the Word. James 1:18; I. Pet. 1:23; 
I. Cor. 4: 15. 

Eleventh: Scripture also speaks of regeneration in connec- 
tion with Baptism. Rom. G: 3-6; Col. 2:12; Tit. 3:5, 6; 
John 3: 5, 6. 

Twelfth: The action of the Holy Spirit in implanting the 
new life can be resisted. Acts 18: 5, 6. 

Thirteenth: The grace of regeneration may be lost. I. Tim. 
1*: 19. 



STUDY VII. 

PART I. 

The Gospel Accoedixg to Matthew. 

First: The meaning of Gospel or Evangelion. 

Second: We have but one Gospel of Jesus Christ, but according 

to four inspired Evangelists. 
Third: At first, in addition to the Old Testament, Christians 

had only the oral teaching of the Apostles. 
Fourth: It was their great aim to prove that Jesus was *he 

Christ of prophecy. Acts 5: 42; 6:4. 
Fifth: This oral teaching gradually received a fixed form. 
Sixth: It is this "Oral Gospel" which underlies as a common 

source, the first three Gospels. 
Seventh: The Gospel, according to Matthew, is based upon 

his own oral Gospel. 
Eighth: The Gospel, according to Mark, is based on the oral 

Gospel of Peter. 
Ninth: The Gospel, according to Luke, is based on the oral 

Gospel of Paul. 
Tenth: The four Gospels have their separate characteristics. 

(1) Matthew presents our Lord to us mainly as the promised 
Messiah of the Old Testament. 

(2) Mark, mainly as the King of the world. 

(3) Luke, as the Saviour of sinners. 

(4) John, as the true God-Man. 

Eleventh: The author of the first Gospel is the Apostle Mat- 
thew. 

(1) Of Matthew's life we know very little. 

(2) His name is mentioned only on three occasions. 

(a) At the time of his call, Matt. 9: 9-13. 

(b) In the list of the Apostles. Matt. 10: 2-4. 

(c) As present in that "upper chamber" after the ascension, 
" Acts 1:13. 

(3) His Jewish name, which evidently was changed to Matthew 

when he became a disciple, was Levi. Mark 2: 14; Luke 
5:27. 

(39) 



40 The Gospel According to Matthew. 

(4) Matthew=Theodore=Gift of God. His father's name was 
Alphseus (Mark 2: 14), and before his call Matthew had been 
a tax-gatherer, Matt. 9:9; Mark 2: 14; "the publican," Matt. 
10:3. 

(5) Of his later history we have no trustworthy information. 
Twelfth: The testimony of the early church is unanimous that 

Matthew wrote his Gospel for the Jewish Christians of Pales- 
tine. 
Thirteenth: The Gospel was evidently written between 55 
A. D. and 65 A.D. 

(1) It was written before the destruction of Jerusalem, Matt. 
24: 15-20. 

(2) And a long time, at least some thirty years, after the death 
of Christ, Matt. 27: 8; 28: 11-15. 

Fourteenth: All ancient authorities agree that Matthew wrote 

his Gospel in Palestine. 
Fifteenth The unanimous testimony of all antiquity is that 

Matthew wrote his Gospel in Hebrew, i. e., in Aramaic, the 

vernacular dialect of Palestine. 
Sixteenth: And yet these same writers all equally agree in ac- 
cepting the Greek Gospel as we have it now, as the work of 

Matthew. 
Seventeenth: The true solution is that Matthew wrote his 

Gospel in both the languages current at the time in Palestine, 

for the Greek is not a translation from a Hebrew original. 
Eighteenth: For a close analysis of the Gospel, and in how 

far the Gospel is chronological, see the Harmony given in 

Study VI. 
Nineteenth: For practical purposes the following analysis 

will suffice: 

(1) The birth and childhood of Jesus. Matt. 1: 1—2: 23. 

(2) The preparatory ministry of Jonn the Baptist. Matt. 3: 1-12. 

(3) The baptism of Jesus, and his inauguration into his ministry. Matt. 

3: 13-17. 

(4) His temptation. Matt. 4: 1—11. 

(5) His life and labors in Galilee and its neighborhood. Matt. 4: 12— 

18:35. 

(6) His departure from Galilee and journey to Jerusalem. Matt. 19: 1 

—20: 34. 

(7) His arrival at Jerusalem, betrayal, death and burial. Matt. 21: 1— 

27:66. 

(8) His resurrection. Matt. 28: 1-20. 



The Gospel According to Matthew. 41 

Twentieth: Westcott gives us an excellent analysis, setting 
forth the scope and aim of Matthew's Gospel. (Abridged.) 

(1) Introduction. Matt. 1 : 1—2 : 23. 

(2) The Prelude. Matt. 3: 1—4: 25. 

(a) The Baptist. Matt. 3: 1-17. 

(b) The Messiah. Matt. 4: 1-25. 

(3) The Law-giver and Prophet. Matt. 5 : 1—13: 52. 

(a) The new law in relation to the old. Mart. 5: 1—7: 29. 
(6) The testimony of signs. Matt. 8: 1—9: 34. 

(c) The commission. Matt. 9: 35—11: 30. 

(d) The contrast. Matt. 12 : 1-50. 

(e) Parables of the Kingdom, its rise, growth, consummation. 

Matt. 13 : 1-52. 

(4) The King. Matt. 14: 1—25 :46. 

(a) The character of the King. Matt. 14: 1—16: 20. 
(6) Glimpses of the Kingdom. Matt. 16: 21—20: 16. 
(c) The King claims his heritage. Matt. 20: 17—25: 46. 

(5) Death, the Gate of the Eternal Kingdom. Matt. 26: 1—28: 20. 

(a) The Passion. Matt. 26 : 1—27 : 66. 
(6) The Triumph. Matt. 28: 1-20. 
Twentt-fiest: Best methods of studying the Gospels. 

(1) Read the whole Gospel at one sitting, and test the analysis 
of Westcott. (Matthew can be carefully read in two hours.) 
Repeat such a reading at least once a month. First week, 
Matthew; second week, Mark (can be read in one and a 
quarter hours); third week, Luke (two and a quarter hours); 
fourth week, John (one and three-quarter hours). Continue 
such a course of reading for years until you are perfectly 
familiar with the Gospel History. 

(2) Read a second time, make an analysis of each chapter, and 
study the contents so thoroughly that you can give the out- 
lines of each chapter. 

(3) Review often, until you can give contents of any chapter 
from memory. Test yourself on chapters taken at random, 
as 3, 10, 13, 18, 21, 24, 25. 

(4) Use the harmony continually, and always fix the time and 
locate the place. 

(5) Read in regular order some good handy commentary, as 
Carr on Matthew, in the Cambridge Bible for Schools and 
Colleges. 



42 Conversion. 

PART II. 

Conversion. 

First: In the Scriptures conversion is spoken of in a two-fold 
sense: 

(1) In its strict or special sense it is that act of grace by 
which the Holy Spirit subdues and breaks the stubborn 
will and hard heart of the sinner, and excites in him sin- 
cere grief for his sins by the Law, and enkindles true faith 
by the Gospel. 

(2) In its broader sense it is regarded as the personal act of 
man, the result of God's work in his heart, the penitence 
and faith by which the sinner is said to convert himself, to 
turn away from sin unto God. Acts 3: 19. 

Second: On the one hand, conversion is spoken of in Scrip- 
ture as a work of grace. Acts 11: 21, 23. 

(1) As wrought by God. Phil. 1:6; 2:13; Eph. 1:19; 2:10; 
Acts 21: 19. 

(2) As a gift received of God. I. Cor. 4: 7; I. Cor. 15: 10. 

(3) As given by God. Acts 11: 18; II. Tim. 2: 25. 

(4) As given by Christ. Acts 3: 26; 5.31; Rom. 15: 18. 
Third: On the other hand, a life of conversion is required of 

man as his personal act. Acts 3: 19. 

(1) Man is not to harden his heart. Heb. 4. 7. 

(2) He is exhorted to repent. Matt. 3: 2; 4:17; Luke 13: 3; 
Acts 2: 38; 8:22; 26:20. 

Fourth: Both these Scriptural statements are in harmony. 

(1) It is God who begins the work. John 6: 44. 

(2) The hearing of the Word makes the heart burn. Luke 
24: 32. 

(3) The Word arouses the heart. Acts 2: 37. 

(4) The Lord opens the heart. Acts 16: 14. 

(5) Man can reject this grace. Matt. 23: 37; John 5: 40. 

(6) By grace man can receive the Word, believe and keep it. 
John 17: 6, 8. 

Fifth: Conversion consists of two parts, repentance and 

faith. Mark 1:15. 
Sixth: It begins with repentance and is finished in faith. 

Acts 2: 38. 
Seventh: It is the work of the law to bring about that 



Conversion. 43 

knowledge of our sinfulness and misery which leads to re- 
pentance. II. Cor. 7: 10. 

Eighth: It is the work of the Gospel to bring salvation, 
Rom. 1: 16. 

Ninth: Though the conversion of a man may be spoken of 
as an event taking place at a certain definite time, neverthe- 
less we must daily lead a life of conversion, — daily repent 
and daily believe. 

Tenth: The unregenerate and unconverted man cannot bring 
about his own conversion by his own strength or will, be- 
cause it is the Word of God which effects this conversion. 
I. Cor. 2:14; Rom. 10:14, 17. 

Eleventh: This conversion is effected by the Holy Spirit, 
through the supernatural power of the Word. 

(1) Through it God manifests the exceeding greatness of His 
power. Eph. 1:18, 19. 

(2) Through it God worketh in us, both to will and work 
His good pleasure. Phil. 2: 13. 

(3) Through it God delivers us out of the power of darkness, 
and translates us into the Kingdom of His Son. Col. 1: 
12, 13. 

(4) Through faith in His Word we are made alive. Col. 2:12 13. 
Twelfth: Not only is the beginning of man's conversion 

ascribed to God the Holy Spirit, but it is God who also con- 
summates and perfects the good that He begins in us. 

(1) God who begins a good work will also perfect it. Phil. 1 :6. 

(2) We are not to resist God, who worketh in us. Phil. 2: 13. 

(3) We are not to grieve the Holy Spirit. Eph. 4: 30. 

(4) We are not to quench the Spirit. I. Thess. 5: 19. 

'5) We are guarded through faith by the power of God unto 

salvation. I. Pet. 1 : 5. 
(6) The God of all grace shall perfect, establish and strength- 
en believers. I. Pet. 5: 10. 
Thirteenth: Encouragement for leading sinners to a conver- 
sion. 

(1) There is joy in heaven. Luke 15: 7. 

(2) With God. Ezek. 18: 23; Luke 15: 32. 

(3) Among the saints. Acts 15: 3; Gal. 1 : 23, 24. 

(4) There is a great reward. Dan. 12: 3. 

(5) A soul shall be saved from death. James 5: 19, 20. 



STUDY VIII. 

PART I. 

The Bieth of Christ the Fulfilment of Prophecy. 

First: Christ was to be born of a woman. Gen. 3: 15; Isa. 9: 

6,7; Gal. 4:4. 
Second: Of a virgin. Isa. 7: 14; Matt. 1: 18. 
Third: Of the seed of Abraham. Gen. 12: 3; 18:18; 22:18; 

Gal. 3:16; Matt. 1:1. 
Fourth: Of the seed of Isaac. Gen. 21: 12; 26: 4; Heb. 11: 

17-19; Matt. 1:2. 
Fifth: Of the seed of David. Ps. 89: 3, 4, 29, 36; 132: 11; 

Isa. 11: 1-3; Jer. 23: 5; 33: 15; Acts 13: 23; Rom. 1:3; 

Matt. 1: 1. 
Sixth: The time when he was to appear. Gen. 49: 10; Num. 

24: 17; Dan. 9: 24, 25; Hag. 2: 6, 7; Mai. 3: 1; Luke 2: 1. 
Seventh: The place of his birth. Micah 5: 2; Matt. 2: 1; 

Luke 2: 4-6, 
Eighth: A messenger shall go before him. Isa. 40: 3-5; Mai. 

3: 1; 4: 5; Matt. 3: 1-3; Luke 1: 17. 
Ninth: His name was to be called Immanuel. Isa. 7: 14; 

Matt. 1:22,23. 
Tenth: He was to be adored by wise men. Ps. 72:10, 15; 

Isa. 60:3, 6; Matt. 2:1-11. 
Eleventh: The name Messiah and Christ. Ps. 2: 2. 



PART II. 
Repentance. 



First: Repentance is the first or negative side, while Faith is 
the last or positive side of conversion. Mark 1: 15; Acts 
20:21. 

(45) 



46 Repentance. 

Second: Repentance was the burden of John the Baptist's 

message. Matt. 3:2, 8. 
Third: With this same message our Saviour began his blessed 

work. Matt. 4: 17. Compare also Rev. 2: 5, 16; 3- 3. 
• Fourth: To awaken repentance was the aim of Christ's 

miracles. Matt. 11: 20, 21. 
Fifth: Christ commands that repentance unto remission of 

sins is always to be the great theme of preaching. Luke 

24: 47. 
Sixth: Is the great theme of the preaching of the Apostles. 

Acts 2: 38;' 3: 19; 11:18; 17:30; 26:20. 
Seventh: The starting point of repentance is the state of sin. 

Eph. 2: 1-3. 
Eighth: We may speak of eight separate acts in repentance. 

(1) A true knowledge of our sinfulness. I. John 1:8; James 
3:2. 

(2) A sense of the divine anger against sin. Jer. 10: 24 
I. Cor. 6:9; Gal. 6:7. 

(3) Anguish and fear of conscience. Ps. 6: 1; 38: 4, 6. 

(4) True humiliation before God. Ps. 51: 4; Luke 15: 21 
18: 13. 

(5) Frank confession of sin. Ps. 51: 3; 32: 5; I. John 1: 9 

(6) Genuine sorrow on account of sin. II. Cor. 7: 10; Matt 
26:75; Matt. 5:4. 

(7) Serious hatred of sin, and loathing of one's sinfulness. 
Job. 42: 6. 

(8) Purpose of amendment. Ezek. 18: 27, 28. 

Ninth: Repentance is the gift of God. Acts 11: 18; II. Tim. 

2:25, 
Tenth: We should be led to repentance: 

(1) By the goodness of God. Rom. 2: 4. 

(2) By His long suffering. II. Pet. 3: 9. 

(3) By the chastisement of God. Rev. 3: 19. 
Eleventh: The marks of a true repentance are of a two-fold 

character: 

(1) Internal, consisting of a change of mind. Luke 18: 13; 
Col. 3:2; Heb. 12:1, 2. 

(2) External, a bringing forth of fruit worthy of repentance. 
Matt. 3: 8; Luke 19: 8, 9; I. Thess. 1: 9; Isa. 1: 16, 17; 
Acts 26: 20. 



Repentance. 47 

Twelfth: Danger of neglecting repentance. Matt. 11: 20-24; 

Luke 13: 3, 5; Rev. 2: 5, 16, 21. 
Thirteenth: Note five important facts: 

(1) Now is the time for repentance. II. Cor. 6:2; Heb. 4: ?. 

(2) Without repentance there can be no forgiveness of sins. 
Acts 2: 38; 3:19; 8:22. 

(3) There are grades of contrition; the anguish is not the 
same in all. 

(4) Forgiveness of one's sins does not depend on the quality 
or quantity of our contrition, but alone upon the merits 
of Christ. 

(5) As we daily sin, so our repentance must be daily; we 
must lead a life of repentance and faith. Matt. 6: 12; 
Luke 11; 4. 



STUDY IX. 

PART I. 

The Gospel According to Mark. 

First: It is universally agreed that the second Gospel was 
composed by Mark. 

Second: There is but one person in the New Testament by 
the name of Mark. The John Mark of Acts 12: 12, 25; 15: 37 
is the same as the John of Acts 13: 5, 13 and the Mark of 
Acts 15: 39; Col. 4: 10; Philemon 24; II. Tim. 4: 11; I. Pet. 
5:13. 

Third: Of Mark's parentage we know very little. His 
mother's name was Maijjp (Acts 12: 12), and he was a cousin 
of Barnabas (Col. 4: 10), and therefore on his mother's side, 
of the tribe of Levi (Acts 4: 36). 

Fourth: We may infer that Mark was converted by Peter. 
Acts 12: 11, 12; I. Pet. 5: 13. 

Fifth: Of his later life, after 68 A.D. (II. Tim. 4: 11), we have 
no trustworthy account. 

Sixth: It is the unanimous testimony of the Early Church 
that the Gospel of Mark has a close connection with the 
"Oral Gospel" preached by Peter. 

Seventh: There are four instances where Peter is specially 
mentioned by Mark, while he is omitted by the other 
Evangelists. Mark 1:36; 11:21; 13:3; 16:7. 

Eighth: Some have also thought that the Apostle was unwill- 
ing to record what might specially tend to his own honor. 
According to this view, it was the modesty of the Apostle 
which caused the omission of Peter's name in six places. 
(1) Mark 7: 17, compared with Matt. 15: 15. (2) Mark 6: 50, 
51 with Matt. 14: 28-31. (3) Mark 0: 33 with Matt. 17: 24-27. 
(4) Mark 8: 29, 30 with Matt. 16: 17-19. (5) Mark 14: 13 with 
Luke 22: 8. (6) Luke 22: 31, 32. 

Ninth: There are reasons for supposing that the Gospel of 
Mark not only is based upon the oral Gospel of Peter, but 
(48) 



The Gospel According to Mark. 49 

that it also exhibits the oral tradition of the official life of 
our Lord in its earliest extant form. 
Tenth: The Gospel was written chiefly for Gentile Chris- 
tians, and especially for the use of the church in Rome. 
This can be seen from the fact — 

(1) That words which would not be understood by Gentile 
readers are explained: Boanerges, Mark 3: 17; Talitha 
cumi, 5:41; Corban, 7:11; Bartimceus, 10:46; Abba, 14:36; 
Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani, 15: 34; Gehenna, 9: 43. 

(2) Jewish usages are explained. Thus we are told of "the 
washing before meals/' Mark 7: 3, 4; that the Mount of 
Olives is "over against the temple/' 13: 3; that "they sac- 
rificed the passover on the first day of unleavened bread," 
14: 12; that the preparation was "the day before the Sab- 
bath," 15:42. 

(3) Matters interesting chiefly to the Jews are omitted. The 
only quotation from the Old Testament is found in Mark 1 : 
2, 3, taken from Mai. 3:1; Isa. 40: 3; and in Mark 15: 28 
(if this verse be genuine), from Isa. 53: 12. 

(4) Mark uses several Latin forms, which do not occur in 
the other Gospels. Speculator, "a soldier of his guard," 
6: 27; Xes£es = sextarius= "pot," 7: 4; quad? 'antes, "a 
farthing," 12: 42; centurion, 15: 39, 44, 45. 

Eleventh: The Gospel, no doubt, was written between A.D. 
63 and A.D. 70. 

(1) It is not likely that Mark wrote his Gospel before Paul 
wrote his letter to the Colossians (A.D. 62), in which 
Mark is only spoken of as a relative of Barnabas. Col. 
4:10. 

(2) It was evidently written before the destruction of Jeru- 
salem (Mark 13: 1-23). 

Twelfth: The Gospel according to ancient tradition, was 

written at Rome, in the Greek language. 
Thirteenth: Eminent educators maintain, that of the four 

Gospels, that of Mark deserves to be studied first in order of 

time. 

(1) It forms the best basis for forming a harmony. 

(2) It is chronological. 

Fourteenth: For an exact and close analysis of the Gospel, 
see the Harmony given in Study VI. The analysis of Mark 



50 The Gospel According to Mark. 

is given in heavy type, as it follows the chronological order, 
and lies at the basis of the Harmony. 
Fieteenth: The following outline, abridged from Westcott, 
will convey a general idea of the construction of the Gospel. 

(1) The Preparation. Mark 1 : 1-13. 

(2) The work foreshown by Acts. Mark 1: 14—2: 12. 

(a) The Call. Mark 1:14-20. 
(6) Signs. Mark 1 : 21—2:12. 

(3) Outlines of teaching. Mark 2: 13—4: 34. 

(a) Traits of the new life. Mark 2: 13—3: 12. 

(b) The Kingdom of God and the world. Mark 3: 13—4: 34. 

(4) Signs. Mark 4: 35— 5: 43. 

(5) The issue: Unbelief. Mark 6:1-0. 

(6) The Foundations of the Kingdom. Mark 6: 7—13: 37. 
(a) The mission of the Apostles. Mark 6: 7—8: 33. 
(6) Glimpses of the Kingdom. Mark 8: 34—10: 31. 

(c) The sovereignty claimed. Mark iO : 32— 13 : 37. 

(7) The eternal Kingdom entered through the gate of Death. Mark 

14:1—16:20. 

Sixteenth: For best method of study see Study VII., Part 
I., Twenty-first statement. 

Seventeenth: Study the outlines of each chapter so thor- 
oughly that you can give contents of any chapter from 
memory. 

Eic4iiteenth: In studying this Gospel use the Harmony con- 
tinually, and fix time and place. 

Nineteenth: Read a good handy Commentary as that of 
Maclear on Mark, in the Cambridge Bible for Schools and 
Colleges. 



PART II. 

Faith. 



First: Christ having obtained salvation for men, this salva- 
tion is preached unto men, and through the Gospel forgive- 
ness of sin is offered . Luke 24 : 47 ; Acts 5 . 31 ; 10 : 43 ; 13 : 38, 
39; 26:18. 

Second: To become a partaker of salvation, all that is neces- 
sary is to appropriate to one's self the promises of the 
Gospel. Mark 1: 15; Acts 16: 30, 31; John 3: 16. 

Third: Faith consists of three elements. 
(1) A knowledge of the things to be believed. 



The Gospel According to Mark. 51 

(a) A " beholding of the Son."' John 6: 40; 12: 45. 

(b) A "knowing." John 6: 69; 17: 3, 7, 8; Gal. 4: 9; Eph. 
4:18. 

(2) Assent, a believing that what the Scriptures say are cer- 
tainly true. 

{a) A "receiving." John 3: 11, 12, 32, 33. 

(b) An assurance of things hoped for. Heb. 11: 1; Rom. 
4:18. 

(c) A conviction of the reality of things not seen. Heb. 
11: 1; II. Cor. 5: 7. (These last two, (5) and (c), often 
pass ever into confidence.) 

(3) Confidence in Christ. 

(a) Apprehending Christ. John 1:12; Luke 8: 13; Rom. 
5:17; I. Tim. 1:15, 16. 

(b) Appropriating Christ. John 3: 16, 18, 36; 20: 28; Gal. 
3:26; Phil. 1:21; Heb. 10:22. 

(c) A believing on Christ; a giving of one's self up to 
Christ. John 6: 29, 35, 40; Acts 9: 42; 10:43; 11: 17; 
16:31; Rom. 10:11. 

(d) A personal coming to Christ. John 3: 20, 21; 5:40; 
6:35. 

(e) A following after Christ. John 8: 12; 10:3. 
Fourth: These three parts of faith are referred to in John 

14: 10, 11, 12. 
Fifth: The first two parts of faith refer to the intellect; 

confidence is the act of the will. 
Sixth: Where there is true faith, all three elements must be 

present. 
Seventh: Confidence is the principal part of faith. 

(1) Mere knowledge does not save. 

(2) A general assent or historical faith does not save. James 
2: 19. 

(3) There must be a special assent, in which the sinner ap- 
plies the promises of the Gospel to himself individually. 

(4) The general and special assent of faith are united in 
I. Tim. 1 : 15, 16. 

(5) It is distinctly stated in Scripture that confidence is the 
chief part of faith. Matt. 9: 22; 15: 28; I. John 5: 4, 13. 

(6) It can also be inferred from many other passages. Luke 
8:50; Matt. 8: 26; ' 14: 31; Rom. 4:20, 21; 8:31-39; James 
1:6. 



52 The Gospel According to Mark. 

Eighth: We may therefore distinguish between a general and a 
tpecial faith. 

(1) A man has general faith when he believes all things to be 
true which are revealed in the Word of God. 

(2) A man has special or saving faith when he believes that 
on account of the satisfaction of Christ, God is reconciled, 
and for Christ's sake his sins are forgiven him (Rom. 3; 
24, 25), and he has firm confidence to trust in the salvation 
obtained by Christ. 

Ninth: God (and Christ) is the ground of faith, the authority, 

whose word man believes. John 5: 47; Acts 27: 25; Rom. 

4:3; Gal. 3: 6. 
Tenth: To this faith Jesus sought to lead those who believed 

on Him, because of the signs which he did. John 2: 23; 

3:2; 4:48, 50. 
Eleventh: God (and Christ) is the contents of our faith. 

(1) We must believe that God is. Heb. 11: 6; James 2: 19. 

(2) That Jesus is the Christ. John 8: 24; I. John 5:1. 

(3) What significance this has for us. I. John 4: 15; Johnl: 
29; 3:36; Acts 4: 12. 

Twelfth: Christ is the aim and object of faith. John 3: 16, 

18, 36; 6:40; Acts 10: 43. 
Thirteenth: Our salvation depends upon this faith in Christ. 

John 3: 36; 8: 24; 20: 31; Acts 4: 12; Heb. 11: 6. 
Fourteenth: We receive according to our faith. Matt. 8: 

13; 9:22, 29; 15:28. 
Fifteenth: To believe in Christ is to obey the will of God. 

I. John 3: 23; 5: 1; John 6: 29. Compare I. John 2: 23; 

5:10. 
Sixteenth: God is the efficient cause of our faith. Phil. 1 : 29. 

(a) It is the gift of God. Eph. 2:8; I. Cor. 12: 9. 

(b) It is the working of God. Col. 2: 12. 

(c) It is of God in its beginning. Phil. 2: 13. 

(d) In its increase. Mark 9: 24; Luke 17: 5. 

(e) In its completion. II. Thess. 1: 11; Phil. 1: 6; Heb. 12:2. 
Seventeenth: The instrumental cause of faith is the preach- 
ing of the Word. Rom. 10: 14, 17; Mark 16: 15, 16; Rom. 
16: 25, 26; Col. 1: 3-6; II. Cor. 4:6; John 17: 20. 

Eighteenth: The power and energy of faith are twofold— 
receptive and operative. 
(1) Receptive faith passively receives Christ and everything 



The Gospel According to Makk. 53 

obtained by his merit. John 1: 12; 17: 8; Acts 10: 43; 

Gal. 3: 14; Rom. 5: 17; Col. 2: 6. 
(2) Operative faith manifests itself actively by works of love. 

Gal. 5:6; James 2: 17. 
Nineteenth: "Faith, so to speak, has two hands. One, 
which it extends upward to embrace Christ with all His 
benefits, and by this we are justified; the other, which it 
reaches downwards to perform the works of love and of the 
other virtues, and by this we prove the reality of faith, but 
are not thereby justified." 
Twentieth: Every man can satisfy himself whether he has 
the true faith which justifies or not. 

(1) For the Spirit himself beareth witness with our spirit, 
that we are children of God. Rom. 8: 16; I. John 4: 13; 
3:21. 

(2) Because we can examine and prove our faith. II. Cor. 
13:5; II. Tim. 1:12; John 14: 23. 

Twenty-first: There are degrees of faith. 

(1) It may be weak. Mark 9: 24; Luke 17: 5. 

(2) It may be strong. Rom. 4: 20, 21 ; Col. 1 : 23. 

(3) We are to abound in, II. Co- 8: 7. 

(4) We are to attain a fulness of faith. Heb. 10: 22; II. Tim. 
1:12, 



STUDY X. 

PART I. 

The Gospel According to Luke. 

First: It is universally agreed that the third Gospel was com- 
posed by Luke, " the beloved physician" of Col. 4: 14; "the 
fellow-laborer" and faithful friend of Paul, Philemon 24; 
II. Tim. 4: 11. 

Second: From Col. 4: 11, 14 we may infer Luke was a Gen- 
tile. 

Third: His conversion must have taken place before he joined 
Paul at Troas. Acts 16: 11. 

Fourth: We may infer that Luke remained at Philippi dur- 
ing the second and third missionary journeys of Paul (51-58 ' 
A.D.) Acts 17:1. 

Fifth: No doubt he was preaching the Gospel in Philippi 
and its neighborhood. 

Sixth: Luke joined Paul again at Philippi at the end of 
Paul's third journey (Acts 20: 5, 6), in order to accompany 
him to Jerusalem. 

Seventh: He was Paul's constant companion after this: 

(1) Sailed with him to Rome. Acts 27: 1. 

(2) Was by his side during his first imprisonment. Col. 4: 
14; Philemon 24. 

(4) Was with him during his second imprisonment. II. Tim. 
4:11(68A.D.). 
Eighth: Of Luke's later life we have no trustworthy account. 
Ninth: It is the unanimous testimony of the Early Church, 

that the Gospel of Luke is based upon the "Oral Gospel" 

preached by Paul. 
Tenth: The Gospel was written before the Acts of the 

Apostles. Acts 1:1. 
Eleventh: As the book of Acts was written about 63 A.D. 

(Acts 28: 30, 31), the Gospel evidently was written about 

58-60 A. D., probably during Paul's imprisonment at Csesarea. 
(54) 



The Gospel According to Luke. 55 

Twelfth: It has never been doubted that the Evangelist 

wrote his Gospel in Greek. The Greek used by Luke is the 

purest in the New Testament. 
Thirteenth: From his quotations from the Old Testament 

it can be seen that he mainly used the Septuagint or Greek 

translation, instead of the Hebrew original. 
Fourteenth: The purpose for which the Gospel was written 

is definitely stated in the Introduction. Luke 1 : 1-4. 
Fifteenth: Through a Gentile convert he addresses other 

Gentiles. 
Sixteenth: Of Theophilus (Luke 1: 4) little is known. 

(1) It is clear that he was not an inhabitant of Palestine. 
Luke 1:26; 4:31; 8:26; 23:51; 24:13. 

(2) Mor a Macedonian, Acts 16:12; nor an Athenian, Acts 
17: 21; nor a Cretan, Acts 27: 8, 12. 

(3) But evidently a native of Italy, and perhaps an inhabit- 
ant of Rome. Acts 28: 12-15. 

Seventeenth: The predominant character of Luke's Gospel 

is the offer of the Gospel to all, — the thought that Jesus is 

the Saviour of sinners. 
Eighteenth: For an exact and close analysis of the Gospel, 

see the Harmony given in Study VI. 
Nineteenth: Note the following points as peculiar to Luke's 

Gospel: 

(1) The early history of John the Baptist. Luke 1 : 5-80. 

(2) Certain events connected with the birth and childhood 
of Jesus. Luke 2: 8-52. 

(3) The narrative of the labors of Christ after His final de- 
parture from Galilee, until He comes into the borders of 
Judea. Luke 9: 51—18: 14. 

(4) Twelve of the most striking Parables. ( Verify.) 
Twentieth: The following outline, abridged from Westcott, 

will serve to explain the connection of the several parts: 

(1) Introduction. Luke 1 : 1—2: 52. 

(2) The Preparation. Luke 3: 1—4: 13. 

(3) The Announcement. Luke 4: 14-44. 

(4) The Future Church. Luke 5 : 1—9 : 43a 
(a) Its universality. Luke 5: 1—6: 11. 
(&) Its constitution. Luke 6 : 12—8 : 3. 

(c) Its development. Luke 8 : 4-56. 

(d) Its claims. Luke 9: l-43a. 

(5) The Universal Church. The Rejection of the Jews foreshown. 

Luke 9: 43&— 18:30. 



56 The Gospel According to Luke. 

(a) Preparation. Luke 9: 436-11: 13. 
(&) Lessons of warning. Luke 11: 14—18: 9. 
(c) Lessons of progress. Luke 13: 10—14: 24. 
{d) Lessons of discipleship. Luke 14: 25—17: 1©. 
(e) The coming end. Luke 17: 11—18: 30. 

(6) _The Sovereignty claimed. Luke 18 : 31—21 : 38. 

(a) The Journey. Luke 18: 31—19: 27. 

(b) The entry. Luke 19: 28-48. 

(c) The conflict. Luke 20: 1-38. 

(7) The Sovereignty gained by Death. Luke 22: 1—24: 53. 

Twenty-first: For best method of Study, see Study VII, 
Part I, Twenty-first statement. 

Twenty- second: Study the outlines of each chapter so thor- 
oughly that you can give contents of any chapter from 
memory. 

Twenty-third: Oodet has written one of the best commenta- 
ries on this Gospel. Though based on the Greek text, and 
withal somewhat bulky, it can be used by the English stu- 
dent. (Price, $2.00.) Farrar or Lindsay are also good. 



PART II. 

Justification. 

First: Justification does not signify to make righteous, but 
to declare, to reckon righteous. Gal. 3:6; Rom. 4: 3; James 
2:23; Gen. 15:5, 6. 

Second: It is a judicial process. 

(1) A judgment is spoken of. Ps. 143: 2. 

(2) A criminal. Rom. 3: 19, 20. 

(3) The law is the accuser and plaintiff. Rom. 3: 19; Acts 
13:39; Gal. 2: 16; 3:11; John 5: 45. 

(4) Conscience concurs with the accusation of the law, and 
is the witness. Rom. 2: 15. 

(5) The indictment is read. Col. 2: 14; Rom. 2: 13; 3:20, 
23; Gal. 2: 16. 

(6) There is an advocate. I. John 2: 1. 

(7) Justification is opposed to condemnation. Matt. 12: 37; 
Rom. 5: 16; Acts 13: 38, 39; Rom. 8: 33, 34. 

(8) There is an acquittal. Rom. 4: 6-8; Ps. 32: 1. 

Third : Justification differs from regeneration and conversion. 
(1) Regeneration is the new birth, a real and internal change 
which takes place within man. See Study VI, Part II. 



Justification. 57 

(2) Conversion is that work of grace by which the sinner 
turns away from sin unto God, and begins with repentance 
and is finished in faith. See Study VII, Part II. 

(3) Justification is an act of God, taking place apart from 
man, by which God, for the sake of the merits of Christ, 
acquits and pronounces righteous the sinner who truly be- 
lieves in Christ. 

Fourth: Before justification the sinner is under the wrath 
of God. Eph. 2:3. 

(1) He is under sin. Rom. 3: 9, 23; Gal. 3: 22. 

(2) His iniquities and trespasses are unforghen. Rom. 4: 7, 
8; Eph. 1:7; II. Cor. 5:19. 

(3) Spiritual death has overtaken him, which unchecked will 
lead to eternal death. I. John 3: 14; John 5: 24. 

(4) The wrath of God abideth on such a one. John 3: 36. 
Fifth: After justification the sinner's relation to God is changed. 

(1) He is in a state of grace. Eph. 2:8; II. Tim. 1 : 9. 

(2) He has passed out of death into life. John 5: 24. 

(3) His iniquities are forgiven. Rom. 4: 7. 

(4) Righteousness is reckoned unto him. Rom. 4: 5, 6; 
II. Cor. 5:21; Phil. 3:9. 

Sixth: Justification therefore consists of two things: 

(1) Remission of sins. Rom. 4: 7, 8; 3, 25; Acts 13: 38; 
I. John 2: 12; Eph. 4: 32; II. Cor. 5: 19. 

(2) The imputation of Christ's righteousness. 

(a) There is a righteousness of God. Rom. 3: 21, 22. 
(6) Obtained by Jesus Christ. Rom. 3: 25, 26; 5:8, 9. 

(c) We can obtain this righteousness of God in Christ. 
II. Cor. 5: 21; Rom. 1: 16, 17; I. Cor. 1: 30. 

(d) A righteousness not mine own, but which is of God, 
through faith in Christ. Phil. 3:9; Rom. 3: 9, 10; 4: 5. 

(e) But of this righteousness many are ignorant, Rom. 10: 3. 
Seventh: Christ obtained the forgiveness of our sins through 

His vicarious sufferings and death. 

(1) Christ was made sin in our behalf. II. Cor. 5: 21; Gal. 
3: 13; Rom. 8: 3. 

(2) He bare our sins in 'His body. I. Pet. 2: 24; Heb. 9: 28. 

(3) On Him was laid our guilt and punishment. I. Pet. 2: 
24; Isa. 53: 4, 6-8, 11. 

(4) He made propitiation to the justice of God for our sins 
(for divine wrath is simply a manifestation of divine holi- 



58 Justification. 

ness, the most intense energy of the holy will of God, the 
zeal of His wounded love.) Rom. 3: 24, 25; I. John 2: 2; 
4:10; Eph. 5:2. 

(5) He gave His life a ransom for us. Matt. 20: 28; I. Tim. 
2:5, 6; Tit. 2: 14; I. Pet. 1:18, 19. 

(6) He opened the way of reconciliation between man and 
Gcd. Rom. 5: 8-11; II. Cor. 5:18, 19; Eph. 2: 16; 5:2; 
Col. 1 : 20. 

(7) He obtained our forgiveness by means of His blood shed 
for our sins. Acts 20: 28; Rom. 3: 25; 5:9; Eph. 1:7; 
2:13; Col. 1:20; Heb. 9: 12, 14; 13:12,20; I. Pet. 1: 19; 
I. John 1:7. 

(8) We may say therefore that Christ obtained the forgive- 
ness of our sins by His passive obedience. 

Eighth: Christ obtained a righteousness for us by the most 
perfect fulfilment of the law. 

(1) God sent forth His Son that He might redeem them 
which were under the law. Gal. 4:4, 5. 

(2) To obtain a righteousness for every one that believeth. 
Rom. 10:4. 

(3) To do the will of God. Heb. 10. 7. 

(4) To fulfill the law. Matt. 5: 17; 3:15. 

(5) Christ has made satisfaction to the law in all things, in 
order that His fulfilment and obedience might be imputed 
to us. II. Cor. 5:21; Rom. 8: 3, 4; Phil. 3: 9. 

(6) This righteousness obtained by Christ is imputed to us 
through faith. Rom. 3: 22, 25, 26; Rom. 1: 16, 17; Phil. 
3:9. 

<7) We may say therefore that Christ obtained this right- 
eousness of God, which is imputed to us (Phil. 3: 9) through 
His active obedience. 
Ninth: The impelling internal cause of our justification is 

the purely gratuitous grace of God. Rom. 3: 24; 11: 6; 

Eph. 1:7; 2:8, 9; II. Tim. 1:9. 
Tenth: The impelling external and meritorious cause is the 

active and passive obedience of Jesus Christ our Mediator. 

Rom. 3:24; II. Cor. 5:21. 
Eleventh: When we say we are justified by faith, we simply 

mean that faith is the instrument or receptive means by 

which the salvation, offered in Christ Jesus, is received. 



Justification. 59 

Twelfth: A saving faith is one which apprehends the merit 
of Christ. Rom. 3: 25. 

Thirteenth: We must distinguish between an imputed 
righteousness, which belongs to the topic of justification, 
and the righteousness of new obedience, or inherent right- 
eousness, which belongs to the sphere of sanctification. 

Fourteenth: We are justified before God, and saved by faith 
alone. Every question of works is altogether excluded 
from the doctrine of justification before God. Rom. 3: 28; 
Gal. 2:16; Rom. 5:4,5; 11:6. 

Fifteenth: Justification by faith alone is the central doctrine 
of Protestantism. 

Sixteenth: As effects of justification we may mention: 

(1) Our mystical union with God. John 15: 4-6; Eph. 3: 17; 
Gal. 2: 20. 

(2) Adoption as Sons of God. Gal. 3: 26; Rom. 8: 14; 
I. John 3: 2. 

(3) Peace. Rom. 5: 1, 5. 

(4) Access to divine grace. Rom. 5:2; Eph. 2: 18; 3: 12. 

(5) Sanctification and eternal life. Rom. 6: 22; Acts 26: 18. 
Seventeenth: We may also speak of certain properties of 

justification: 

(1) It is instantaneous; not gradual or successive, like illum- 
ination or sanctification. 

(2) It is perfect. Our sins are completely forgiven; not 
almost, or only half, or only a certain number. They are 
either forgiven or unforgiven. I. John 1: 7; Rom. 8:1; 
John 5: 24. 

(3) Assurance. Rom. 8: 38, 39; Eph. 3: 12; Heb. 10: 19, %£. 

(4) Is renewed daily; for we must daily repent of our sins, 
and be daily, continually justified. 

(5) The state of justification may be lost. John 15: 2; Heb. 
6:5, 6; I. Tim. 4: 1. 

(6) But it may be recovered. John 6: 37; Isa. 1:18; Luke 
15: 11-32. 



STUDY XI. 

PAET I. 

The Gospel According to John. 

First: From a careful study of the Gospel we learn that the 
writer was — 

(1) A Jew. The style is Hebraistic, and the thought is Jewish. 
John 1:19-28; 4:9,25; 6:14,15; 19:86,37. 

(2) A native of Palestine. For the writer shows a most inti- 
mate knowledge of Palestine and of Jerusalem. John 1: 44; 
3:23; 5:2; 8:20; 10:23. 

(3) An eye-witness of what he relates. John 1:14, 39; 4:6; 
6:5, 7; 19:35; 21:24. 

(4) The Apostle John. John 13: 23; 19: 26; 20: 2; 21:2, 7, 
20, 24. 

Second: With this agrees the external testimony. Irenaeus 
(died 202), who was instructed by Polycarp, the pupil of St. 
John, assigns the fourth Gospel to the Apostle John. 

Third: Modern criticism has vainly tried to deny the genuine- 
ness of this Gospel. 

Fourth: Of the first thirty and the last fifty years of John's 
life, we have scarcely any trace, 

Fifth: Scripture, however, furnishes us with some details of 
John's life. 

(1) He was the Son of Zebedee and Salome, Matt. 27: 56; 
Mark 15: 40; the brother of James the Martyr, Mark 3: 17; 
Acts 12:1, 2. 

(2) His father was a fisherman, of considerable means and of 
some influence. We infer this on account of the men- 
tion of — 

(a) "The hired servants." Mark 1 : 20; 

(b) Their mother's substance. Luke 8: 3. 

(c) John's own house. John 19: 27. 

(d) The fact that John was known to the high priest. John 
18: 15. 

(60) 



The Gospel According to John. 61 

(3) John followed his father's occupation until his call as an 
Apostle. Matt. 4: 21, 22. 

(4) The two brothers, James and John, were surnamed by 
our Lord, Boanerges, — sons of thunder, Mark 3: 17. This 
title refers to the vehemence, zeal and intensity, which 
marked their character. Mark 9: 38; Luke 9: 54; Mark 
10:35-41. 

(5) To John belongs the memorable distinction of being the 
disciple whom Jesus loved. John 19: 26. 

(6) Together with Peter, John is the principal character of 
the earlier chapters of Acts. Acts 3: 1—8: 25. 

(7) During the next fifteen years we hear nothing of him 
until the Council at Jerusalem, A.D. 50. Acts 15: 4, 22; 
Gal. 2: 9. 

(8) Scripture says nothing more of John's Apostolic labors. 

(9) His special work from 50 to 70 A. D. may have been that 
of teaching and organizing the churches of Judea. 

Sixth: Early tradition, however, unanimously points to Asia 
Minor, and to Ephesus in particular, as the scene of the later 
activity of John. 

(1) During his stay at Ephesus he was banished to the isle of 
Patmos, but the time is uncertain. 

(2) Was released from exile, returned to Ephesus, and lived to 
an extreme old age. 

Seventh: It is the almost unanimous tradition of the Church 

that the Apostle wrote his Gospel in his extreme old age. 
Eighth: The Apostle himself indicates the purpose he had in 

view in writing this Gospel. John 19: 35; 20: 30, 31. 
Ninth: The special characteristic of this Gospel is simplicity 

of language, combined with profoundness of thought. 
Tenth: For a full analysis see the Harmony given in Study 

VI., Part I. 
Eleventh: Note especially the following points in the Harmony: 

(1) With the exception of chapter 18 and 19: 17-42, John refers 
to very few events common to the Synoptists. 

(2) John is the only Evangelist who refers to the events of the 
first year of our Lord's ministry. 

(3) He omits almost entirely all reference to the events of the 
second and third years, concentrating everything in record- 
ing the conversations of Christ, especially during the Passion 
week. 



62 The Gospel According to John. 

Twelfth: Read the Gospel of John at one sitting (one and 
three-quarter hours), in the light of the following outline, 
abridged from Westcott: 

1. The Prologue. John 1:1-18. 

2. The Self -Revelation of Christ to the World. John 1 : 19—12 : 50. 

(1) The Proclamation. John 1 : 19— 4 : 54. 

(a) The testimony to Christ. John 1 : 19—2: 11. 

(b) The work of Christ. John 2: 12—4: 54. 

(2) The Conflict. John 5: 1—12: 50. 
(a) The Prelude. John 5: 1-6: 71. 

(aa) In Jerusalem. The Son and the Father. John 5: 1-47. 
(bb) In Galilee. Christ and men. John 6: l-7i. 
(6) The great Controversy. John 7 : i— 12 : 50. 

(aa) The Revelation of faith and unbelief. John 7: 1—10: 42. 
(bb) The decisive judgment. John 11 : 1—12: 50. 

3. The Self-Revelation of Christ to the Disciples. John 13: 1—21 : 25. 

(1) The last ministry of love. John 13 : 1—17 : 26. 

(2) The Victory through death. John 18: 1—20: 31. 

(3) The Epilogue. John 21 : 1-25. 

Thirteenth: Make a special study of the following sections. 
Write out the thought as clearly and concisely as possible. 
Draw up your analysis in tabular form: 

(1) John 1:1-18. 

/.—The Word in his absolute, eternal Being (1: 1). 
//. — The Word in relation to creation (1 : 2-18). 

1. The essential facts (1: 2-5). 

2. The historic manifestation of the Word (1 : 6-13). 

3. The incarnation as apprehended by personal experi- 
ence (1 : 14-18). 

(2) John 3: 16-21. 

1. The divine purpose in the Incarnation (3: 16, 17). 

2. The actual result (3: 18, 19). 

3. The cause of the result in man (3: 20, 21). 

(3) John 5: 19-47. 

1. The nature and prerogatives of the Son — 

(a) In relation to the Father (5: 19-23). 

(b) In relation to men (5: 24-29). 

2. The witness to the Son (5: 31-40), 
And the ground of unbelief (5: 41-47). 

(4) John 6: 26-58. 

(5) John 10: 1-18. 

(6) John 13: 31—14: 31. 

1. Separation: its necessity and issue (13: 31-38). 

2. Christ and the Father (14: 1-11). 



The Gospel According to John. 63 

3. Christ and the disciples (14: 12-21). 

4. The law and the progress of Revelation (14: 22-31). 

(7) John 15: 1—16: 33: 

1. The living union (15: 1-10). 

2. The issues of union; the disciples and Christ (15:11-16). 

3. The issues of union; the disciples and the world (15: 
17-27). 

4. The world and the Paraclete (16: 1-11). 

5. The Paraclete and the disciples (16: 12-15). 

6. Sorrow turned to joy (16: 16-24). 

7. After failure, victory (16: 25-33). 

(8) John 17: 1-26: 

1. The Son and the Father (17: 1-5). 

2. The Son and His immediate disciples (17: 6-19). 

3. The Son and the Church (17: 20-26.) 

Fourteenth: The analyses here given are after Westcott, and 
are to be filled out. They are to be taken as a guide for per- 
sonal study. 

Fifteenth: The best commentaries on John are those by West- 
cott, Godet, Luthardt, Plummer, Milligan and Moulton. 

Sixteenth: We would especially recommend the following 
works, bearing on the Four Gospels, to the student of the 
English Bible. 

(1) A good Harmony (Gardiner, Robinson, Fuller). 

(2) A life of Christ (Stalker, Geikie, Farrar, Edersheim, Elli- 
cott). 

(3) Westcott's "Introduction to the Study of the Gospels." 

(4) Ebrard's Gospel History. (For advanced students.) 

(5) Trench on the Miracles. 

(6) Trench on the Parables. 



PART II. 
The Mystical Union and Adoption. 

First: As has already been stated, we may conceive of an order 
in the work of the Holy Spirit: 

(1) Calling. 

(2) Illumination. 



64 The Mystical Union and Adoption. 

(3) Regeneration, or the implanting of the new life, that faith 
may be attained. 

(4) Conversion, which begins in repentance and ends in faith. 

(5) Justification, for we are justified by faith. 

(6) At the moment a man is justified, then at the same time he 
is mystically united to God, and adopted as a son of God. 

(7) And as an effect of justification, there follows now reno- 
vation and sanctification. 

Second: Nevertheless regeneration, justification, and the mys- 
tical union so closely cohere that they cannot be separated 
in order of time, but are simultaneous. 

Third: The mystical union does not consist simply of the gra- 
cious operation of the Holy Spirit in believers, John 14: 26; 
16:13; Rom. 8:26. 

Fourth: But if is a true, literal, and most intimate union with 
God and Christ. 

(1) Christ and the Father will come unto the believer, and make 
their abode with him, John 14: 23. 

(2) The Holy Spirit abideth with us, and shall be in us, John 
14: 17. 

(3) Christ is in us, John 17: 26; Rom. 8: 10; Col. 1: 27. 

(4) Our fellowship is with the Father, and with his Son Jesus 
Christ, I. John 1:3. 

(5) Believers are in the Father and the Son, John 17:21; 
I. John 2: 24. 

(6) Believers are in Christ Jesus, Rom. 8: 1; I. Cor. 1: 30; Eph. 
2:6; I. John 5: 20. 

(7) Christ liveth in me, Gal. 2: 20. 

Fifth: God dwells in the believer as in a consecrated temple, 
by his special presence. 

(1) The believer is the temple of God, I. Cor. 3: 16. 

(2) The temple of the Holy Ghost, I. Cor. 3: 17; 6: 19. 

(3) We become partakers of the divine nature, II. Pet. 1: 4. 

(4) We are united to Christ as the branch to the vine, John 15: 
1, 4, 5. 

(5) Our bodies are members of Christ, I. Cor. 6: 15; Eph. 5; 30. 

(6) Christ dwells in the heart of believers, Eph. 3: 17; II. Cor. 
6:16. 

Sixth: This is a special union between the believer and God, 
and differs from the general union between God and man, Acts 
17: 27, 28. 



The Mystical Union and Adoption. 65 

Seventh: This special union is: 
(L) A gracious one, John 14: 23; 17: 11, 21. 

(2) Tends to the glory of God, and therefore glorious, I. Cor. 
15:28. 

(3) A mystical union, Eph. 5: 32; Gal. 3: 27. 

Eighth: We are exhorted to maintain this mystical union with 

Christ, John 15: 4; Col. 2: 7, 19. 
Ninth: This union with Christ is maintained: 

(1) By faith, Gal. 2:20; Eph. 3: 17. 

(2) By abiding in him, John 15: 4, 6. 

(3) By his word abiding in us, I. John 2: 24; II. John 9; John 
14: 23. 

(4) By keeping his commandments, I. John 3: 24. 

(5) By partaking of the Lord's Supper, I. Cor. 10: 16, 17; John 
6: 55, 56. 

Tenth: It bestows great blessings: 

(1) It promotes growth in grace, Eph. 4: 15, 16; Col. 2: 19. 

(2) It promotes holiness and fruitfulness, John 15: 4, 5; Rom. 
8:10; I. John 3: 6. 

(3) Christ's righteousness is continually imputed to the believer, 
II. Cor. 5:21; Phil. 3: 9. 

(4) The believer is always free from condemnation, Rom. 8: 1. 
(5 The believer can have boldness and does not dread the com- 
ing of Christ, I. John 2: 28. 

Eleventh: When we are justified by faith, we are not only united 
to Christ, but also adopted as sons of God, Gal. 3: 26; 4:4, 5. 

(1) As long as a man lives under the law, he is a bond-servant, 
Gal. 3:23; 4:1, 3. 

(2) As a slave he has no part in the inheritance, Gal. 4: 7. 

(3) By justifying faith, man passes from a state of slavery to a 
state of sonship, Gal. 3: 25, 26. 

Twelfth: To be under the influence of the Spirit of God is an 
evidence of divine sonship, Rom. 8: 14. 

(1) The Spirit makes himself known as a Spirit, not of bond- 
age, but of adoption as a son, Rom. 8: 15. 

(2) This divine sonship is inseparably bound up with an inher- 
itance, Rom. 8: 17. 

(3) As a son, he has a legal title to the inheritance, Gal. 4: 7. 
Thirteenth: The Father's love now rests upon the believer, 

and he can have the trust and confidence of a child, crying, 
Abba, Father, Gal. 4: 5. 



'66 The Mystical Union and Adoption. 

Fourteenth: This adoption as sons has been secured by Jesus 
Christ, Eph. 1 : 5, 6. 

(1) He redeemed us from the curse of the Law, Gal. 3: 13; 4: 5. 

(2) And became our brother, John 20: 17; Rom. 8: 29. 

(3) So we have the same Father, John 20: 17; II. Cor. 6: 18. 

(4) And are therefore heirs of God, and joint-heirs with Christ, 
Rom. 8: 3 7. 

Fifteenth: By nature man is a child of wrath, Eph. 2:3; Rom. 

9:26. 
Sixteenth: By faith the believer is invested with the rights of 

•Christ, who by nature is the Son of God, and thus the believer 

becomes by adoption a child, a son of God, Gal, 3: 26; Rom. 

8:15-17. 
Seventeenth: The divine sonship of Paul is the same as the 

"children of God," those "begotten of God," of which John 

speaks, John 1: 12; I. John 3: 9, 10; 5: 1, 2. 
Eighteenth: Special privileges belong to believers as adopted 

sons of God. 

(1) Freedom from a servile fear, Rom. 8: 15; Gal. 4: 7; I. John 
4: 18. 

(2) Bearing his name, I. John 3:1. 

(3) Being the objects of the Father's peculiar love, Rom. 
5:9-11. 

(4) The guidance and indwelling of the Holy Ghost, Rom. 8: 14; 
Gal. 4: 5, 6. 

(5) Child-like confidence in God, Gal. 4: 6; Rom. 8: 15. 

<6) The certain inheritance of the riches of our Father's glory, 
as heirs of God, and joint-heirs with Christ, I. Cor. 3: 21-23; 
<5al. 4:7; Rom. 8: 17. 



STUDY XII. 

PAKT I. 

The Acts of the Apostles. 

First: There is a close relation between the Acts and the Gospel 
according to Luke. Acts 1:1, 2. 

Second: All the evidence which goes to prove that Luke was. 
the author of the third Gospel, is evidence also for his author- 
ship of the Acts. See Study X., Part I. 

Third: In the latter half of the book the writer sometimes speak& 
in the first person. Acts 16: 10-18; 20:5—21: 18; 27: 1—28: 16. 

Fourth: The writer was not Silas (Acts 16: 19-40), nor Timothy 
(Acts 20: 4, 5). 

Fifth: For the main facts of Luke's life, see Study X., Part L 

Sixth: The key to the date of the book is found in its abrupt 
ending, Acts 28: 30, 31, being written about 63 A.D. 

Seventh: The object of the work is to furnish a summary his- 
tory of the origin, growth and spread of the Christian Church, 
so far as it was effected by the instrumentality of Peter and 
Paul. 

Eighth: The history of the Acts is authentic. 

(1) It has sustained its credit under the severest test of mod- 
ern criticism. 

(2) There are many most remarkable incidental coincidences 
between the Acts and the Epistles of Paul. 

(3) The style and thought of the speeches of Peter, James and 
Paul, contained in the Acts, agree with the style and thought 
of their respective Epistles. 

(4) There is a most minute agreement with contemporary 
history. 

Ninth: A careful reading of Acts at one sitting (2f hours) will 
show that it naturally divides itself into eight sections. 

(1) Pentecost, with the events preceding it, (30 A.D.)- Acta 
1:1—2:47. 

(2) Events relating to the progress of the Gospel in Judea and 
Samaria (30-40 A. D. ). Acts 3 : 1—9 : 43. 

(67) 



68 The Acts of the Apostles. 

(3) The conversion of Cornelius and the admission of the Gen- 
tiles (40-44 A.D.). Acts 10: 1—12: 25. 

(4) The first missionary journey of Paul (45-50 A.D.). Acts 
13:1—14:28. 

(5) The Apostolic Council at Jerusalem (50 A.D.) Acts 15: 1-39. 

(6) The second missionary journey of Paul (50-54 A.D.). Acts 
15:40—18:22. 

(7) The third missionary journey of Paul, and his apprehension 
at Jerusalem (54-58 A.D.). Acts 18: 23—23: 30. 

(8) His imprisonment at Caesarea, and voyage to Rome (58-60 
A.D.). Acts 23: 31—28: 31. 

Tenth: Review carefully the chronology and geography of the 
Acts of the Apostles as given in Study V., Part I. 

Eleventh: Analyze and study carefully the whole book, so as 
to be able to give the contents of each chapter from memon r . 

Twelfth: Prepare a brief sketch of Peter's life after the Ascen- 
sion of Christ, as recorded in Acts. 

(1) The return of the eleven to Jerusalem, and the election of 
a successor to Judas, Acts 1: 12-26. 

(2) The events of the day of Pentecost, Acts 2: 1-47. 

(3) The healing of a man lame from his birth, and the events 
connected with it, Acts 3: 1 — 4: 37. 

(4) The events recorded in Acts 5: 1 — 6: 4. 

(5) Peter and John sent to Samaria, Acts 8: 14-25. 

(6) Peter at Lydda and Joppa, Acts 9: 32-43. 

(7) The history of Peter and Cornelius, Acts 10: 1—11: 18. 

(8) The imprisonment of Peter by Herod, and his deliverance, 
Acts 12: 1-19. 

(9) Peter at the council in Jerusalem, Acts 15: 1-11. 

(10) This the last notice of Peter in the Acts. 
Thirteenth: Make a special study of the speeches of Peter 

(1) Of his three missionary sermons. 

(a) On the day of Pentecost, Acts 2: 14-40. 
(5) In the temple, Acts 3: 12-26. 

(c) Before heathens, in the house of Cornelius, Acts 10: 
28-48. 

(2) Of his shorter apologies before the Sanhedrim. 
(a) Acts 4: 8-12, 19, 20; (b) Acts 5: 29-32. 

(3) Of several utterances within the Church. 
(a) Prayers, Acts 1: 24, 25; 4: 24-30. 

(5) Brief addresses. 



The Acts of the Apostles. 69 

1. On the election of an Apostle, 1: 16-22. 

2. On the sin of Ananias and Sapphira, Acts 5:3, 4, 8, 9. 

3. On the appointment of deacons, Acts 6: 2-4. 

4. To Simon Magus, Acts 8: 20-23. 

5. His defense in the case of Cornelius, Acts 11: 4-1S. 

6. His address at the Apostolic Council in Jerusalem, Acts 
15 : 7-17. 

Fourteenth: Analyze these speeches very closely, and write 
out in tabular form what Peter teaches with reference to the 
following topics: 

(1) The light in which the death of Jesus is regarded. 

(2) The resurrection of Jesus. 

(3) Of his exaltation to the right hand of God. 

(4) Of his Person, as true God and true Man. 

(5) Of the effects of his death, or his saving work. 

(6) Of the salvation offered in him, and for whom? 

(7) The conditions of salvation. 

(8) Forgiveness of sin. 

(9) Change of heart 

(10) Repentance. 

(11) Faith. 

(12) Of the Church. 

(13) Of Baptism. 

(14) Of the preaching of the Word. 

(15) Of the Second Coming of Christ as Judge. 
Fifteenth: Prepare a brief sketch of Paul's life, as recorded 

in Acts. 

(1) His persecution of the saints, Acts 7: 58—8: 3. 

(2) His conversion, Acts 9:1-18. (Compare parallel accounts 
in Acts 22: 5-16; 26:12-23.) 

(3) His preaching at Damascus, Acts 9:19-25, (On Acts 9: 
22, 23, compare Gal. 1: 11-17.) 

(4) His arrival at Jerusalem, Acts 9:26-30. (On Acts 9:26 
compare Gal. 1: 18-24.) 

(5) Barnabas and Paul at Antioch, Acts 11: 22-30. 

(6) For the rest of Paul's history as recorded in Acts, see 
analysis of book as given in this lesson. 

Sixteenth: Make a special study of the speeches of Paul. 

(1) His preaching at Damascus, Acts 9: 20, 22. 

(2) His reproof of Elymas, the sorcerer, Acts 13: 10, 11. 

(3) His missionary address in the synagogue at Antioch in 
Pisidia, Acts 13: 16-47. 



70 The Acts of the Apostles. 

(4) His address to the Gentile inhabitants of Lystra, Acts 14 
15-17. 

(5) Brief notices of various discourses. Acts 14: 22, 27; 15: 12; 
16:31. 

(6) The sermon on the Areopagus in Athens, Acts 17: 16-31. 

(7) His farewell discourse to the elders of the Church, at Ephe- 
sus, delivered at Miletus, Acts 20: 18-35. 

(8) His speeches in self-defense. 

(a) At Jerusalem. 

1. Before the people, Acts 22: 1-21. 

2. Before the Sanhedrim, Acts 23: 1-6. 

(b) In Caesarea. 

1. Before Felix, Acts 24: 10-21, 24. 

2. Before Festus and Agrippa, Acts 26: 1-29. 

(9) His discourses to the Jews at Rome, Acts 28: 17-20; 28: 
23-29. 

Seventeenth: Analyze these speeches very closely, and write 
out in tabular form what Paul teaches with reference to the 
following topics: 

(1) Jesus is the Son of God, the Christ, the Lord, the Saviour. 

(2) His Davidic descent, his death on the cross, his resurrection. 

(3) The source of salvation. 

(4) Salvation consists of forgiveness of sins. 

(5) Conditions of salvation. 

(6) Repentance and faith. 

(7) A coming judgment. 

Eighteenth: Make a special study of the speech of Stephen, 

analyze carefully, and arrange results in a tabular form. (Acts 

7:2-60.) 
Nineteenth: Read carefully the book of Acts, and compare its 

teachings with the Apostles' Creed, and add to the references 

here given: 

(1)1 believe, 16:31; 

(2) In God, the Father Almighty, maker of heaven and earth; 
4:24; 17:24; 

(3) And in Jesus Christ, 3: 20; 2: 36; 

(4) His only Son, our Lord, 2: 36; 9: 20; 9: 17; 

(5) Who was conceived by the Holy Ghost, 10: 38; 

(6) Born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, 
1:14; 2:23; 13:28. 

(7) Was crucified, 2: 23, 36; 4: 10; 



The Acts of the Apostles. 71 

(8) Dead, and buried; 2: 24; 

(9) He descended into Hell, 2: 31; 

(10) The third day he rose from the dead, 2: 81; 4: 10; 

(11) He ascended into heaven, 1: 11; 2: 34; 

(12) And sitteth on the right hand of God the Father Almighty, 
2:33; 

(13) From thence he shall come to judge the quick and the 
dead. 1:11; 10:42; 

(14) I believe in the Holy Ghost; 2: 4; 5: 3, 4; 

(15) The holy Christian Church, the communion of Saints; 
2:39,42, 47; 20:28; 

(16) The forgiveness of sins; 2: 38; 

(17) The resurrection of the body, 4: 2; 

(18) And the life everlasting. 5: 20; 11: 18; 13: 46. 
Twentieth: We would recommend the following works bear- 
ing on the Acts of the Apostles to the student of the Eng- 
lish Bible: 

(1) Lumby's Commentary in the Cambridge Bible for Schools 
and Colleges, or Howson and Spence in the "Revision Com 
mentary." 

(2) A life of Paul (Stalker, Conybeare and Howson, Farrar). 

(3) Green's life of the Apostle Peter. 



PART II. 

Eenovation and Sanctification. 

First: It is not enough for a man to know that his sins are for- 
given in Christ Jesus; he must also grow in grace and holi- 
ness. II. Pet. 3:18; 1:5-8; Rom. 6: 22. 

Second: All exhortations to a holy life take it for granted that 
we possess salvation in Christ Jesus. Rom. 6: 22. 

Third: This is illustrated by the argument of the Epistle to the 
Romans. 

(1) Being justified by faith, we are in a state of grace. Rom. 
5: 1, 2. 

(2) We who died to sin, how shall we any longer live therein? 
Rom. 6: 1, 2. 

(3) The law hath no dominion over the believer, because he is 
joined to Christ, that he might bring forth fruit unto God. 
Rom. 7: 4. 



72 Renovation and Santification. 

(4) What the believer does not do on account of indwelling 

sin (Rom. 7: 17, 22, 23), Christ has fulfilled in us, who are in 

Christ Jesus, and who walk not after the flesh, but after the 

Spirit. Rom. 8:1-4. 

Fourth: If we live by the Spirit, we must also walk by the 

Spirit. Gal. 5:25. 
Fifth: For they that are of Christ Jesus have crucified the 

flesh with the passions and the lusts thereof. Gal. 5: 24; II. Cor. 

5:17. 
Sixth: For we are God's workmanship, created in Christ Jesus 

for good works. Eph. 2: 10. 
Seventh: Love is to be made perfect in us. I. John 4: 16-19. 
Eighth: Tne new life manifests itself in a two-fold manner, 

negatively as renovation, and positively as sanctification. 

Eph. 4:22-24; Col. 3:9, 10. 
Ninth: Sin still dwells in the believer after regeneration and 

justification. Rom. 7: 17, 20, 23; Gal. 5: 16-18; Heb. 12: 1, 2. 
Tenth: Our renovation progresses from day to day, and is to 

be continued throughout life. II. Cor. 4: 16; Eph. 4: 16. 

(1) We are to die unto sin continually. I. Pet. 2: 24; Rom. 
6: 11. 

(2) We are not to let sin reign in our bodies. Rom. 6: 12-14. 

(3) We are continually to present our bodies a living sacrifice. 
Rom. 12: 1, 2. 

(4) The believer must daily deny himself, take up the cross, 
and follow Christ. Matt. 16: 24; Luke 14: 33. 

(5) We must mortify our members which are upon the earth. 
Col. 3:5-10. 

Eleventh: Believers must also resist the world and its lusts. 
I. John 2: 15-17; Rom. 12: 2; Gal. 6: 14; James 4: 4. 

Twelfth: And resist the devil. Eph. 6: 10, 11; I. Pet. 5: 8, 9. 

Thirteenth: This gracious act of the Holy Spirit in man, by 
which the regenerated and justified believer puts off the old 
man and the dominion of sin, in order that he may be re- 
newed in the image of God, may be called renovation. 

Fourteenth: The positive side, the putting on the new man, 
the obtaining of inherent holiness of mind and heart, may be 
called sanctification. Eph. 4: 24; Col. 3: 10; Rom. 13: 14; 6: 
19, 22. 

Fifteenth: This thought is expressed in various ways in Scrip- 
ture: 



Renovation and Santification. 73 

(1) We are to grow up in all things into Christ. Eph. 4: 15, 16. 

(2) We are to be rooted and builded up in Christ. Col. 2: 6 3 7. 

(3) Always abounding in the work of the Lord. I. Cor. 15: 58. 

(4) A putting on of special graces. Col. 3: 12-14. 

(5) To be holy in all manner of living. I. Pet. 1: 13-16. 

(6) A putting on the new man. Eph. 4: 23, 24; Col. 3: 10 

(7) A putting on the Lord Jesus Christ. Rom. 13: 14. 

(8) A transformation by the renewing of your mind. Rom. 
12:2, 

Sixteenth: This life of sanctification is to extend to every- 
thing. Col. 3: 17; I. Cor. 10: 31; I. Pet. 2: 5. 

Seventeenth: The essence of the new life is Love. I. Cor. 13: 
1-13. 

(1) Which manifests itself in love to God. I. John 4: 19, 20. 

(2) In love to fellow-believers. I. John 4: 11-13; John 13: 34. 

(3) In love to your neighbor. II. Pet. 1: 7; Luke 10: 27; Rom. 
13:9. 

Eighteenth: Love is the fulfilment of the law. Matt. 5:17; 
Rom. 13: 10. 

Nineteenth: He who wishes to see the Lord must possess the 
graces of love, peace and holiness. Heb. 12: 14. 

Twentieth: To be exact, therefore, we may say, renovation is 
the negative side, and sanctification the positive side, of the 
life striving after purification and holiness, but in popular 
language these terms are continually interchanged. 

Twenty-first: We may distinguish between Regeneration, 
Justification and Sanctification as follows: 

(1) Regeneration refers to the implanting of the new life, and 
produces faith. 

(2) Justification refers to the change of our relation to God, 
and consists of the remissions of sins, and the imputation 
of Christ's righteousness. 

(3) Sanctification has to do with inherent righteousness, with 
the reformation of the mind, will, and affections, with the 
restoring of the divine image to the soul. 

(4) Both regeneration and justification are instantaneous; 
sanctification is progressive, increasing from day to day. 

(5) Regeneration and justification do not admit of degrees, but 
sanctification does admit of degrees, because the inner 
man is renewed from day to day. 

(6) Regeneration precedes justification, and justification pre- 
cedes sanctification. Titus 3: 5-7. 



STUDY XIII. 

PART I. 

The Epistle of James. 

First: The writer designates himself as "a servant of God and 
of the Lord Jesus Christ." James 1: 1. 

Second: There are three persons by the name of James men- 
tioned in the New Testament: 

(1) James, the son of Zebedee, the brother of John, one of the 
twelve Apostles. 

(2) James, the son of Alphseus, another of the twelve, known 
also as James, the Less. Mark 15: 40. 

(3) James, the Lord's brother (Gal. 1: 19; Mark 6:3; Matt. 13: 
55), who was not one of the twelve (John 7: 5). 

Third: It is James, the Lord's brother, who wrote the Epistle 
of James, who, after the resurrection (I. Cor. 15:7), is found 
among the believers (Acts 1 : 14). 

Fourth: It was James, the Lord's brother, who occupied the 
place of greatest importance among the disciples at Jerusa- 
lem. 

(1) It was to him that Peter sent the news of his release. Acts 
12: 17. 

(2) It was James, the Lord's brother, who presided over the 
council of Jerusalem, 50 A.D. Acts 15: 13-2.1. 

(3) It is to this same James that Paul reports on his return 
to Jerusalem, just before his imprisonment. Acts 21: 18. 

Fifth: From a careful study of the Epistle, with reference to 
the persons addressed, we learn — 

(1) That it was addressed to the twelve tribes which are of the 
Dispersion. James 1: 1. 

(2) This evidently means the Jewish Christians dwelling be- 
yond Palestine. 

(3) James exhorts them as "beloved brethren," "brethren" 

(James 1:16, 19; 2:5; 2:1; 3:1,10; 5:7); as begotten by 

the word of truth (James 1: 18); as believers in Christ 

(James 2: 1). 

(74) 



The Epistle of James. 75 

(4) That the condition of affairs among the Jewish Christians 
is not a happy one. 

(a) They are subject to many trials and temptations. James 
1:2, 13, 

(b) To changes in social positions. James 1 : 9. 

(c) They profess faith, but do not give evidence thereof by 
works. James 1:19-27; 2.14-26; 3:13. 

(d) They draw a distinction between the rich and the poor. 
James 2: 1-13. 

(e) They are addicted to sins of the tongue (James 3: l-12) r 
jealousy and factions (James 8: 13-18), pleasure (James 4: 
1-10), evil speaking (James 4: 11, 12), boasting and self- 
confidence (James 4: 13-17), oppression (James 5:4). 

Sixth: It is highly probable that the Epistle is one of the 
earliest in the New Testament, if not the earliest. (50 A.D.) 

(1) The language is based upon the sayings of Christ. James 
1: 22, and Matt. 7: 21, 26; James 2: 5, and Luke 6: 20; James 
5: 12, and Matt, 5: 37. 

(2) Christianity still appears as a movement entirely within 
Judaism. 

(3) The custom of anointing with oil, of which we hear noth-^ 
ing later, manifestly was still a trace of the practice of the 
Apostles. Compare James 5: 14 with Mark 6: 13. 

(4) The membership of the Church was still mainly of the 
poorer classes. 

(5) James does not antagonize the Pauline doctrine of justifi- 
cation, for throughout the whole epistle he attacks errors 
of life and not of doctrine. He does not not in any way 
refer to the Pauline doctrine of justification. 

Seventh. The Epistle was evidently written while James was 
at the head of the Church in Jerusalem, and being so well 
known and pre-eminent it was not necessary to distinguish 
himself from others of the same name. James 1:1. 

Eighth: The fact that this Epistle was not unanimously ac- 
cepted into the Canon until the third century, arises from the 
circumstance that it remained for a long time in the possession 
of exclusively Jewish-Christian circles. 

Ninth: It is, however, already found in the Peshito, the Syriac 
version, at the close of the second century. 

Tenth: Read the Epistle carefully and divide into sections 
with appropriate headings: 



76 The Epistle of James. 

- (1) James 1:1. Address and greeting. 

(2) James 1: 2-12. Exhortations regarding the endurance of 
temptation. 

(3) James 1 : 13-18. The nature of temptation. 

(4) James 1 : 19-27. Exhortations to be doers of the Word, and 
not hearers only. 

<5) James 2: 1-13. Respect of persons inconsistent with the 
faith. 

(6) James 2: 14-26. Saving faith will produce good works. 

(7) James 3: 1-18. On the government of the tongue. 

(8) James 4: 1-17. Various exhortations. 

(1) Against wars and fightings. James 4: 1-3. 

(2) Against lusts and worldly desires. James 4: 4-10. 

(3) Against evil speaking, James 4: 11-12. 

(4) Against ungodly and presumptuous confidence. James 
4: 13-17. 

(9) James 5: 1-6. Denunciation of woe on the rich in this 
world. 

(10) James 5: 7-11. Exhortation to endure unto the coming of 
the Lord. 

(11) James 5: 12-20. Various exhortations. 

Eleventh: Study carefully each section, and write out the 

thought as clearly and concisely as possible. 
Twelfth: This is eminently a practical Epistle. 
Thieteenth: Study the Epistle as a whole, section by section, 

with reference to its practical truths. 

(1) Duty to God. 

(2) Duty to Man. 

(a) In the State. 

(b) In the Church. 

(c) In the Family. 

(3) Duty to Self. 



PART II. 

The Fruits of the Spirit, or Good Works. 

Fiest: The new life of the believer as growing in sanctification 
makes itself known by good works, Phil. 1: 9-11. 

Second: The works of the believer are called good, not because 
they are perfect, but because 



The Fruits of the Spirit, or Good Works, 77 

(1) They proceed from a good heart, Matt. 12: 35; I. Tim. 1:5; 

(2) And are in some degree conformed to the will of God. 
Eom. 12:2 

Third: All good works have some some imperfection. 

(1) They may still increase in perfection, Eph. 4: 15. 

(2) And correspond more perfectly to the divine law, Horn. 7: 14; 

(3) They lack in purity of motive, James 3:2; 

(4) For the flesh ever lusteth against the Spirit, Gal. 5: 17. 
Fourth: Good works have their origin in a true and living faith 

in Christ, Gal. 5: 6. 
Fifth: We cannot speak of the moral actions of the unconverted 

as "good works," Rom. 14: 23; Matt. 7: 18. 
Sixth: These can only attain a civil righteousness, Rom. 2: 14 
Seventh: For good works are described in Scripture as: 

(1) The fruits of the Spirit, Gal. 5: 22; 

(2) The fruit of the wisdom that is from above, James 3: 17. 

(3) Fruits worthy of repentance, Matt. 3.8; Luke 3:8; Acts 
26:20. 

(4) Performed through Jesus Christ, Phil. 1: 11; 

(5) Directed to the glory and praise of God, Phil. 1: 11; I. Cor. 
10:31; 

(6) The fruit of those abiding in Christ, John 15: 4, 5; 

(7) Wrought by God in us, Phil. 2: 13; 

(8) Proceeding from faith unfeigned, I. Tim. 1 : 5. 

Eighth: Good works must be wrought by the regenerate, James 
3:26. 

(1) Not to justify us, Rom. 3: 28; Gal. 2: 16; 

(2) Nor to earn salvation as a merit, Rom. 3: 24; Eph. 2: 8, 9; 

(3) But to show our obedience to God, II. Pet. 1:8; Matt. 7:21; 

(4) And prove the existence of faith, Gal. 5: 22, 23. 

(5) And glorify the Father, John 15: 8; Phil. 1: 11; 

1(6) Because we have been created in Christ Jesus for good 
works, Eph. 2: 10; 
(7) Because being made free from sin, we have become serv- 
ants of righteousness, Rom. 6: 18, 22; 
(8) Because God exhorts us, Col. 3: 12-14; II. Pet. 1 : 10, 11; 
(a) To be rich and fruitful in good works, I. Tim. 6: 18; 
Col. 1: 10. 
(b) To be careful in maintaining good works, Tit. 3: 8, 14. 
(c) To be perfect in every good thing to do his will, Heb. 
13:21. 



78 The Fruits op the Spirit, or Good Works. 

(d) To provoke one another unto love and good works, Heb. 
10: 24. 
(9) Because they are designed to lead others to glorify God, 
Matt. 5: 16; I. Pet. 2: 12. 
Ninth: God will render to every man according to his works, 
Rom. 2:6; II. Cor. 15: 10. 

(1) Believers shall be rewarded according to their works, I. Cor. 
3:8; Rom. 2; 7, 10; I. Cor. 15: 58; Rev. 22: 12; Matt. 
16: 27. 

(2) The wicked shall be judged according to their works, II. 
Cor. 5: 10; Rom. 2: 8, 9; II. Cor. 11: 15; Rev. 2; 23; 20: 11, 
13; II. Tim. 4: 14. 

Tenth: There are certain great principles underlying the doc- 
trine of good works. 

(1) The harvest depends on the seed sown, Gal. 6:7, 8. 

(2) Upon the amount sown, II. Cor. 9: 6; 

(3) God is not unrighteous to forget our work and love, Heb. 
6:10; 

(4) Oar labor is not in vain in the Lord, I. Cor. 15: 58; 

(5) To bring forth fruit unto God belongs to the full-grown 
and perfect man, I. Cor. 2:6; Heb. 15: 14; James 3: 2. 

(6) This is the perfect man of which the Bible speaks, Phil. 3: 
15; Matt. 5:48; 

(7) Not as though the Christian were at any time perfect in 
this life, and without sin, not needing to grow in grace and 
holiness, Phil. 3: 12-16. 

Eleventh: Seven suggestive tables: 

(1) The three Christian Virtues: 
Faith, Hope, Love, I. Cor. 13: 13. 

(2) The Four cardinal virtues: 

Prudence, Temperance, Fortitude, Justice. 

(3) The seven Spiritual gifts: 

Wisdom, Understanding, Counsel, Strength, Knowledge, 
Godliness, Holy Fear. Isa. 11 : 2. 

(4) The twelve fruits of the Spirit: 

Love, Joy, Peace, Patience, Longsuffering, Mercy, Goodness, 
Meekness, Faith, Modesty, Chastity, Sobriety. Gal. 5: 22. 

(5) The seven Spiritual works of Mercy. 

1. To instruct the ignorant. 

2. To correct offenders. 

3. To counsel the doubtful. 



The Fruits op the Spirit, or Good Works. 79 

4. To comfort the afflicted. 

5. To suffer injuries with patience. 

6. To forgive offenses and wrongs. 

7. To pray for others. 

(6) The seven corporal works of mercy. 

1. To feed the hungry and give drink to the thirsty. 

2. To clothe the naked. 

3. To harbour the stranger and needy. 

4. To visit the sick. 

5. To minister unto prisoners and captives. 

6. To care for the orphan. 

7. To bury the dead. 

(7) The Seven Deadly Sins and their contrary virtues: 

1. Pride— Humility. 

2. Covetousness — Liberality. 

3. Luxury — Chastity. 

4. Envy — Gentleness. 

5. Gluttony— Temperance. 

6. Anger — Patience. 

7. Sloth— Earnest serving of God. 

Twelfth : Add the proper Scripture references to these tables. 



STUDY XIV. 

PART I. 
The First Epistle of Peter. 

First: It is unanimously held that this Epistle was written by 

the Apostle Peter. I. Pet. 1: 1. 
Second: It was universally accepted as genuine by the Early 

Church. 
Third: The life of Peter before the Ascension of Christ. 

(1) His name, Simon=Hearer, Peter=Cephas=Rock. 

(2) His early home, Bethsaida (John 1:44); was married and 
removed to Capernaum (Matt. 8: 14). 

(3) Held the first place among the Apostles. 

(4) Trace his history as given in the Gospels by means of the 
Harmony, or an Index, or Concordance. 

(5) After the Ascension, Peter assumes a position of special 
importance. See Study XII., Twelfth statement. 

(6) Was accompanied by his wife in his missionary journeys. 
I. Cor. 9:5. 

(7) Writes his first Epistle from Babylon, about 58-63 A.D. 

(8) Suffered martyrdom at Rome about 67 A.D. 

Fourth: Read the Epistle carefully, and note what references 
Peter makes to himself. 

(1) He is an Apostle of Jesus Christ. I. Pet. 1: 1. 

(2) A fellow-elder. I. Pet. 5: 1. 

(3) A witness of the sufferings of Christ. I. Pet. 5: 1. 

(4) A partaker of future glory. I. Pet. 5: 1. 

(5) Is in Babylon at the time of writing. I. Pet. 5: 13. 

(6) His companions, Sylvanus and Mark. I. Pet. 5: 12, 13. 
Fifth: Read the Epistle a second time, and note what we can 

learn about the persons addressed. 

(1) They are the elect saints. I. Pet. 1: 1, 5, 8; 2: 9. 

(2) Sojourners of the Dispersion in Asia Minor. I. Pet, 1: 1. 

(3) Mainly Jewish Christians. I. Pet. 1: 1, 16; 2: 6, 8; 3: 5, 6. 

(4) With many Gentiles. I. Pet. 1: 14, 18; 2: 10; 3: 6; 4: 3. 

(80) 



The First Epistle op Peter. 81 

(.5) Undergoing grievous trials. I. Pet. 1: 7; 4: 12, 13. 
(6) Spoken against as evil-doers. I. Pet. 2: 12; 3: 16. 
Sixth: Evidently written between 58-63 A.D. 

(1) Peter seems to have known the Epistle to the Romans. 

(2) Seems to have written after the Epistle to the Galatians. 

(3) Seems to have written a few years before his martyrdom. 
Seventh: Read the Epistle a third time and divide into sections. 

Write out appropriate headings. 
Eighth: Study carefully each section; write out the thought as 

clearly and concisely as possible. 
Ninth: Study the Epistle so thoroughly as to be able to give 

contents of each chapter from memory. 
Tenth: This Epistle illustrates the Lord's Prayer in a remark- . 

able way: 

Our— I. Pet. 1:4. 

Father— I. Pet. 1:3, 17. 

In Heaven— I. Pet. 1 : 4, 12. 

Hallowed be Thy name — I Pet. 1 : 15, 16. 

Thy Kingdom come— I. Pet. 2: 9. 

Thy will be done— I. Pet. 2. 15; 3: 17; 4: 2, 19. 

Daily bread — I. Pet. 5 : 7. 

Forgiveness of sins— I. Pet. 4: 1, 8. 

Temptation— I. Pet. 4: 12. 

Deliverance from evil— I. Pet. 4: 13. 

Kingdom — I. Pet. 5: 11. 

Power— I. Pet. 1:5; 4:11. 

Glory— I. Pet. 1: 11, 21; 4: 11, 14; 5: 1, 10. 

Forever and ever — I. Pet. 4: 11; 5: 11. 
Amen -I. Pet. 4.11; 5: 11. 
Eleventh: Study the first chapter and note all passages refer- 
ring to the doctrine of the Trinity. Peter speaks of — 

The Father. I. Pet. 1: 2, 3, 15, 17, 21, 23. 

Christ. I. Pet. 1: 1, 2, 3, 7, 11, 13, 19. 

The Holy Ghost. I. Pet. 1: 2, 11, 12, 23. 

The three Persons of the Trinity. I. Pet. 1 : 2. 

The Father and Christ. I. Pet. 1: 3. 

The triune God. I. Pet. 1: 5, 21. 
Twelfth: Examine carefully the remaining chapters, and 

write out distinctly what Peter teaches with reference to the 

doctrine of God. 
Thirteenth: Study carefully the second chapter, and note 

what Peter says of Christ as our Saviour. 



82 The First Epistle of Peter. 

(1) He is gracious. I. Pet. 2: 3. 

(2) The living stone, I. Pet. 2: 4; the chief corner stone, I. Pet. 
2: 6, 7. 

(3) Rejected of men. I. Pet. 2: 4, 7. 

(4) Elect with God. I. Pet. 2: 4, 6. 

(5) Precious. I. Pet. 2:4, 6. 

(6) Believers are acceptable to God through Jesus Christ. 
I. Pet. 2:5; 

(7) He that believeth on Him shall not be ashamed. I. Pet. 
2: 6. 

(8) To unbelievers he is a stone of stumbling. I. Pet. 2: 8. 

(9) For his sake we are to be subject to all human ordinances. 
I. Pet. 2: 13. 

(10) Christ has suffered for us. I. Pet. 2: 21. 

(11) Has left us an example of sufferings. I. Pet. 2: 21. 

(12) We are to follow in his footsteps. I. Pet. 2: 22. 

(13) He sinned not in act. I. Pet. 2: 22. 

(14) Nor in word. I. Pet. 2: 23. 

(15) He committed Himself and His cause to God the Father. 
I. Pet. 2:23. 

(16) He bare our sins in His own body. I. Pet. 2: 24. 

(17) By His stripes we are healed. I. Pet. 2: 24. 

(18) He is the Shepherd and Bishop of our souls. I. Pet. 2: 25. 

(19) Peter believes in the vicarious atonement of Christ. 
Fourteenth: Study the other chapters in the same way; write 

out the thought distinctly, compare, and draw up results in 
tabular form. 
Fifteenth: Study the Epistle as a whole, section by section, 
with reference to its practical truths. 
<1) Our duties to God. 

(2) Our duties in the State. 

(3) Our duties in the Family. 

(a) Servants. 

(b) Husbands. 

(c) Wives. 

(4) Our duties as members of the Church. 

(5) Our duties to self. 

(6) The duties of a Pastor. 

Sixteenth: Lillie's Lectures on I. and II. Peter especially 
recommended. 



The Four fold Office of the Holy Ghost. 83 

PART II. 

The Fouk-fold Office of the Holy Ghost. - 

First: We may speak of a four-fold office of the Holy Ghost— 

(1) As convicting. John 16: 8. 

(2) As teaching and witnessing. John 16: 13-15. 

(3) As correcting. II. Tim. 3: 16; Rom. 8: 14. 

(4) As comforting. John 14: 16; Rom. 8. 26. 
Second: The office of the Holy Spirit is to convict. 

(1) To bring out clearly the real state of things. John 3: 20; 
Eph. 5:13. 

(2) By applying it to the particular person in question. James 
2: 9; Jude 15; II. Tim. 4: 2. 

(a) In chastisement. I. Tim. 5: 20; Tit. 1: 9. 

(b) Or with a view of restoration. Tit. 1: 13; Heb. 12: 5. 
Third: This conviction is by means of the Word of God. II. 

Tim. 4:2; Tit. 1:13. 
Fourth: The result of this conviction may be two-fold. II. 
Cor. 2: 16. 

(1) Leading to conversion. I. Cor. 14: 24, 25. 

(2) Leading to hardening and condemnation. Acts 24: 25. 
Fifth: The Spirit will convict the world (sinful men) of three 

things: 

(1) Of sin, because they believe not on Christ. John 16: 9. 

(a) As born in sin and by nature children of wrath. Eph. 

2: 3. 
(6) As sinful, and therefore subject to death. Rom. 5: 12. 

(c) As born of the flesh, and therefore requiring the new 
birth. John 3: 5, 6. 

(d) As not possessing life, but in a state of spiritual death, 
with the wrath of God abiding on him. I. John 3: 14; 
John 5:24; 3:36; Col. 1:13. 

(e) That eternal life can only be had in believing in Christ. 
John 3: 36; 8:24; Acts 4: 12; I. John 5: 12, 13. 

(/) That a wilful rejection of Christ is not the only sin that 
condemns, but that as long as men are not in saving con- 
tact with Christ, they are under condemnation, guilty, and 
under the wrath of God. Rom. 1: 18; 3: 23; John 3: 18, 36; 
5:24; Rom. 5: 1, 2. 

(2) Of righteousness, because the life, death and resurrection 



84 The Four fold Office of the Holy Ghost. 

of Jesus Christ has manifested a righteousness of God, 

which is to be obtained alone through faith in Jesus Christ. 

John 15: 10; Rom. 3: 21, 22; Phil. 3: 9. 
(3) Of judgment, for judgment shall overtake all who do not 

obtain eternal life in Christ. John 3: 18; 3: 36; 5. 24, 29. 
Sixth: The office of the Holy Spirit is to teach and to bear wit- 
ness. John 14: 26; 15: 26. 

(1) In the early Church there were special gifts of the Spirit. 
I. Cor. 12: 4-11; John 16: 13-15. 

(2) All these passages give evidence of the inspiration of the 
Apostles and prophets of the New Testament. 

(3) The Spirit now teaches us by means of the Word. II. Tim. 
3: 16, 17; Heb. 4: 12, 13. 

(4) The Word, by means of the Spirit, begets faith in the 
hearer. I. Thess. 1:5: Rom. 10: 17; I. John 2: 20, 27. 

(5) The Holy Spirit, through the Word, bears witness to the 
individual believer, that he is a child of God. Rom. 8: 16; 
I. Cor. 2:11; I. John 5: 10, 11. 

Seventh: The Holy Spirit continues his work in the believer, 
by means of the word, in correcting and disciplining the 
heart. II. Tim. 3: 16; I. Pet. 2: 2. 

(1) The Spirit leads us to mortify the deeds of the body. Rom. 
8:14. 

(2) We are to walk by the Spirit. Gal 5. 16, 25. 

(3) We are to be led by the Spirit Gal. 5: 18. 

(4) We are to walk after the Spirit. Rom. 8: 4-14. 

(5) The Spirit strengthens us in faith and love. Eph. 3: 16-19. 
Eighth: The Holy Spirit comforts. 

(1) He fills the saints with joy. Acts 13. 52; Rom. 14: 17. 

(2) Even while in affliction. I. Thess. 1: 6. 

(3) He imparts the love of God. Rom. 5: 3-5. 

(4) He imparts hope. Rom. 15: 13; Gal. 5: 5. 

(5) The Spirit, by means of the regenerated human spirit, car- 
ries on his operations in the words, acts, prayers, and sighs 
of the saints. Rom. 8: 26. 



STUDY XV. 

Itai Second Epistle of Peter. 

First: We will first speak of the canonicity of this Epistle. 

(1) By the canonicity of a book, we mean that it has a right 
to belong to the New Testament, as a rule of our faith and 
conduct. 

(2) The collection of the New Testament Canon was relatively 
late in its origin, and slow in its progress. 

(3) It was not until the third council of Carthage (397 A.D.) 
that the question of the Canon was finally closed. 

(4) The Second Epistle of Peter does not seem to have been 
widely known in the Early Church, nor is it much quoted. 

(5) In the time of Origen, died 254, it was, however, freely 
used, but not yet unanimously accepted into the Canon. 

(6) It first appears as one of the Canonical Books in the canons 
of the Council of Laodicea, 366 A.D. 

(7) We do not know why this Epistle was not more widely 
known during the second century, nor why there were 
doubts of its genuineness in the third and fourth centuries. 

(8) We may rest assured that the Council of Laodicea had sat- 
isfactory proof, before they admitted this book into the 
Canon, that the Epistle was genuine, written by the person 
who professes to have written it. 

Second: For the genuineness and authenticity of this Epistle, 

we have strong internal evidence. 
Third: Read the Epistle carefully, and note what the writer 

states concerning himself. 

(1) The writer's name is Simon Peter, 1:1. 

(2) An Apostle of Jesus Christ, 1:1. 

(3) Possesses precious faith and precious promises, 1:1, 4. 

(4) lias been called of God, and enjoys all things that pertain 
to life and godliness, 1 : 3. 

(5) Is anxious to write, and remind his readers of the duties of 
their calling, 1 : 12, 13, 15. 

(6) Expects soon to die, 1: 13, 14, 15. 

(85) 



86 The Second Epistle of Peter. 

(7) The writer's death has been foretold by Christ, 1:14; cf. 
John 21: 18, 19. 

(8) Had before this made known to his readers the power and 
coming of Christ, 1: 16. 

(9) Had seen Christ in person, 1: 16. 

(10) Was present at the Transfiguration, 1: 18. 

(11) Is certain of the truth of the Christian religion, 1: 19. 

(12) Has written a former letter, 3: 1. 

(13) Has the same object in view in both letters, 3: 1, 2. 

(14) Knows of letters written by Paul to these same persons, 
3:16. 

Fourth: Read carefully a second time, and note what the writer 
says about the persons addressed. 

(1) They are believers, 1: 1, 3, 4; brethren, 1: 10; beloved, 3: 8, 
14, 17. 

(2) Enjoy all spiritual blessings, 1: 3, 4, 8, 12; 3: 17. 

(3) Have a knowledge ot the truth, and are steadfast, 1:12; 
3:17. 

(4) Had heard Peter preach, 1: 16; 3: 2. 

(5) Are living among the Gentiles, 2: 18. 

(6) Had received a former letter from the writer, 3: 1. 

(7) As well as letters from Paul, 3: 15. 

(8) Are acquainted with the Old Testament, 1: 20, 21; 2: 5-8. 

(9) Among them false teachers shall arise, 2: 1-3. 

(10) Many shall be led away, 2: 2. 

Fifth: If we compare these results with those obtained from 

the study of I. Peter (see Study XIV), we have a right to infer 

that both were written by the same author. 
Sixth: If we further compare the contents of both Epistles, we 

find they breathe the same spirit, and convey the same 

teaching. 

(1) The writer of both thought that the end of the world was 
near, I. Pet. 1: 5; 4: 7; II. Pet. 3: 3, 10-12 

(2) The same stress is laid on prophecy, I. Pet. 1: 10-12; II. Pet. 
1 : 19, 20. 

(3) In both, reference to the history of Noah, I. Pet. 3: 20; II. 
Pet. 2:5; 3:6. 

(4) On the nature and right use of Christian liberty, I. Pet. 2: 
16; II. Pet. 2: 19. 

(5) In both, Paul's teaching is recognized, I. Pet. 5: 12; II. Pet. 
3:15. 



The Second Epistle of Peter. 87 

Seventh: The evidence that the same author wrote both Epis- 
tles becomes still stronger if we compare the actual words used 
in both Epistles. 

Eighth: Make a special study of both Epistles, with this com- 
parison in view, ("Precious," "grace and peace be multiplied," 
"add," "love of the brethren," "calling and election," "eye- 
witnesses," "without blemish or spot," etc.) 

Ninth: The Epistle was evidently written by Peter some time 
after his first Epistle, not long before his death, 63-67 A.D. 

Tenth: Read the Epistle carefully, and divide into sections 
with appropriate headings. 

(1) 1: 1, 2. Address and greeting. 

(2) 1 : 3-11. Exhortation to grow in the graces of the spiritual 
life. 

(3) 1: 12-21. These exhortations confirmed by Apostolic testi- 
mony and Old Testament prophecy. 

(4) 2: 1-22. Description of false teachers. 

(5) 3: 1-7. The certainty of Christ's coming established. 

(6) 3: 8-13. The end of the world. 

(7) 3: 14-18. Exhortations with reference to the coming of the 
day of God. 

Eleventh: Study carefully each section, and write out the 

thought as clearly and concisely as possible. 
Twelfth: Study each section in detail, and write out distinctly 

what Peter teaches concerning the Father, the Son and the 

Holy Ghost. 

(1) The Father is referred to, 1; 1, 2, 3, 17, etc. 

(2) The Son is referred to, 1: 1, 2, 3. 8, 11, 14, etc. 

(3) The Father and Son are named together and distinguished 
from each other, 1: 1, 2, 3. 

(4) God is the source of all spiritual blessings, 1:3, 4. 

(5) Jesus is Lord, 1: 8, 11, 14; 2: 20; 3: 2, 18. 

(6) Jesus is the Saviour, 1: 11; 2: 20; 3: 3, 18. 

(7) Jesus has an eternal kingdom, 1: 11. 

(8) Jesus has eternal glory, 3: 18. 

(9) His power and majesty, 1: 16. 

(10) Has received honor and glory from the Father, 1: 17. 

(11) Is the beloved of the Father, 1: 17. 

(12) Is called Master, 2:1. 

(IB) The Holy Ghost is God, 1: 21. 

(14) God created the heavens and earth by his Word, 3: 5. 



88 The Second Epistle of Peter. 

(15) With God there is no time, 3: 8. 

(16) He is faithful to keep his promise, 3: 9. 

(17) Long-suffering, 3: 9, 15; wishing that all should come to 
repentance, 3: 9. 

Thirteenth: Analyze thoroughly II. Peter 1: 1-11, and sum- 
marize what Peter teaches concerning the Way of Salvation. 

(1) By faith we obtain the righteousness of God, 1:1; 

(2) And appropriate the precious promises, 1: 4; 

(3) And become partakers of the divine nature, 1: 4; 

(4) Receiving grace and peace, 1:2; 

(5) And indeed all things pertaining to spiritual life and godli- 
ness, 1: 3. 

(6) Faith is increased by a true knowledge of God and of Jesus 
our Lord, 1:2, 3, 6, 8; 

(7) Faith has its fruits, 1 : 5-9. 

(8) By faith the believer has escaped from the corruption in 
the world, 1:4; 

(9) And cleansed from his old sins, 1: 9. 

(10) God has called us by his own glory and might, 1: 3; 

(11) But we must make our calling and election sure, 1: 10; 

(12) The aim of the believers is the eternal kingdom of our 
Lord, 1: 11. 

Fourteenth: Study II. Pet. 2: 1-22, and note the errors of doc- 
trine and of life against which Peter warns. 

Fifteenth: Study carefully the histories of Noah, Lot, and 
Balaam. 

Sixteenth: What practical lessons can be deduced from this 
chapter? 

Seventeenth: Study the whole Epistle carefully, with reference 
to what Peter teaches about the Future Life. 

(1) The state after death before the judgment. 

1. There is a state or place where the evil angels are reserved 
unto judgment, 2: 4; 

2. There is a state or place where the unrighteous are kept 
under punishment unto the day of judgment, 2: 9; 

3. Among these are specially mentioned the ungodly of 
Noah's time, 2:5; and 

4. The inhabitants of Sodom and Gomorrah, 2:6, 

5. Even all who walk after the flesh, 2: 10. 

(2) The Second Coming of Christ. 

1. He shall come with power and majesty, 1: 16; 



The Second Epistle of Peter. 89 

2. He shall surely come, 3: 3, 4, 9; 

3. He shall come suddenly, as a thief, 3: 10; 

4. His coming is the day of God, 3: 12. 

(3) The Last Judgment. 

1. There is a day of judgment coming, 2: 4; 

2. It shall overtake the evil angels, 2:4; 

3. All the unrighteous, 2: 9. 

4. All that walk after the flesh, 2: 10; 

5. Is the great event in which everything culminates, 3: 7; 

6. Brings with it the terrors of eternal death, 3:7; II. Thess. 
1:7-10. 

(4) The end of the world. 

1. The old world perished by the waters of the flood, 3:6; 
2:5; 

2. The heavens and earth are now reserved to be destroyed 
by fire, 3: 7; 

3. This event shall take place at the day of judgment, 3: 7; 

4. The heavens being on fire, shall be dissolved, and pass 
away with a great noise, 3: 12, 10; 

5. The elements shall melt with fervent heat, 3: 12,10; 

6. The earth and the works that are therein shall be burned 
up, 3: 10; 

7. And a new heavens and a new earth shall arise from its 
ashes, 3: 13 

(5) Eternal Life. 

1. Believers shall be rewarded according to their works, 
1:11; II. Cor. 9:6; Gal. 6: 7-9; 

2. Eternal life consists of participation in the^ eternal king- 
dom of our Lord and Saviour, 1: 11; 

3. It shall be possessed in its fullness in the new heavens 
and the new earth, 3: 13. 

(6) Eternal Death. 

1. Punishment will surely overtake the wicked, not only im- 
mediately after death, 2:9; 

2. But especially after the judgment, 2: 3; 3: 7; 

3. This destruction is not annihilation, Mark 9: 48; Matt. 25: 
41, 46; II. Thess. 1:9; Rom. 2: 7-9; Rev. 14: 11; Mark 3: 
29; John 3: 36; John 5: 28, 29; Jude 7; Rev. 20: 10. 



STUDY XVI. 



The First Epistle of John. 

First: It was the universal belief of the Early Church that the 

Apostle John wrote this Epistle. 
Second: With this agrees the internal evidence obtained by a 

close comparison of the Epistle with the Gospel of John. 

(1) There is the same emphatic repetition of fundamental words 
and phrases, as "abide," "be of God," "be of the truth," 
"be of the world," "truth," "love," "light," "darkness," 
"do sin," "do the truth," "eternal life," etc. 

(2) There are larger coincidences of expression. 
Compare I. John 1: 1 with John 1: 1, 14; 20: 27. 

I. John 1: 2 with John 3: 11; 19: 35; 1: 1. 
I. John 1: 3 with John 17: 21. 
I. John 1 : 4 with John 16: 24; etc., etc. 
Third: It is highly probable that John wrote this letter in his 

old age, while at Ephesus. 
Fourth: For it was the uniform belief of the Early Church that 
John ended his days in Ephesus, ruling the churches of Asia. 
Fifth: For an outline of the life of St. John, see notes in Study 

XL 
Sixth: Of his later life, we know nothing trustworthy. 

(1) The tradition of his preservation from the boiling oil and 
poison under the Neronian persecution. 

(2) His exile in Patmos. 

(3) His later residence at Ephesus. 

(4) The stories of the robber chief, of meeting Cerinthus, of 
the tame partridge, of his repeated exhortation, "Little chil- 
dren, love one another." 

Seventh: This Epistle is a circular letter addressed to the 
Asiatic Churches, of which Ephesus was the centre. 

Eighth: It is addressed to those who had been carefully trained 
and had lived long in the faith. 

Ninth: This Epistle is a companion to John's Gospel, the con- 
densed moral and practical application of the Gospel. 
(90) 



The First Epistle of John. 91 

Tenth: They both have the same object. Compare I. John 
1:3; 5: 13, with John 20: 31. 

Eleventh: They both have the same special characteristics, 
sublimity of thought combined with simplicity of language. 

Twelfth: The writer speaks throughout with the authority of 
an Apostle, I. John 1:1; 4: 14. 

Thirteenth: Read the Epistle carefully, and divide into sec- 
tions with appropriate headings. 

(1) Introduction, 1: 1-4. 

(2) The nature of fellowship with God. 1:5—2: 29. 

(a) What Walking in the Light involves. 1: 5 — 2: 11. 

1. Fellowship with God and with the brethren (1:5-7). 

2. Consciousness and confession of sin (1: 8-10). 

3. The remedy for sin, and the sign that it is effectual 
(2:1-6). 

4. Love of the brethren (2: 7-11). 

(b) What Walking in the Light excludes. 2: 12-29. 

1. Three-fold statement of reasons for writing (2: 12-14). 

2. The things to be avoided, — the world and its ways 
(2: 15-17). 

3. The persons to be avoided, — Antichrists (2: 18-26). 

4. Christ the place of safety (2: 27-29). 

(3) The fruit of fellowship is holiness. 3: 1-24. 

1. The children of God and the children of the Devil (3: 1-12). 

2. Brotherhood in Christ and the hatred of the world (3: 
13-24). 

(4) The law of Fellowship is Truth. 4: 1-6. 

(5) The life of Fellowship is Love. 4: 7-21. 

(6) The root of Fellowship is Faith. 5: 1-21. 

1. The power of the Christian life: the Victory and Witness 
of Faith (5: 1-12). 

2. The activity and confidence of the Christian life: Epilogue 
(5:13-21). 

Fourteenth: Examine Epistle to sec if above analysis is satis- 
factory, and correct if deemed necessary. 

Fifteenth: Analyze I. John 1: 1-4, and compare with John 1: 
1-18. 

(1) The subject-matter of the Gospel (1: 1-3). 

(2) The purpose of the Epistle (1: 4). 

Sixteenth: The two passages are not parallel, but complemen- 
tary. 



92 The First Epistle of John. 

Seventeenth: St. John uses the plural, as speaking in the name of 
the Apostles, of which he was the last surviving representative. 

Eighteenth: Analyze each section as already given, and write 
out each distinct thought.^ 

Nineteenth: In I. John l: 5-10, note the contrast between 
Light and Darkness. 

(1) Where there is light, there we find truth, righteousness, 
joy, safety, life. 

(2) Where there is darkness, there we find falsehood, unright- 
eousness, sorrow, peril, death. 

Twentieth: In I. John 1:6-10, we have a statement of the 
three false views which man may take with reference to sin. 

(1) He may deny the true character of sin (1: 6, 7). 

(2) He may deny that he has sin in him as an evil principle 
(1:8,9). 

(3) He may deny that he personally has sinned (1 : 10). 
Twenty-first: Christ is not simply our Propitiator (4: 14), but 

also our Propitiation (2: 2), the propitiatory offering as well as 
the Priest (Rom. 3: 25; E ph. 5: 2), our life (Col. 3: 4), our right- 
ousness, sanctification, and redemption (I. Cor. 1: 31). 

Twenty second: Compare the three evil tendencies in the world 
(I. John 2: 16) with the three elements in the temptation of 
Eve (Gen. 3. 6), and with the three temptations of our Lord 
(Luke 4: 12). 

Twenty- third: In I. John 3: 13, 14, we have one of the five 
titles by which the followers of Christ are known in the New 
Testament. (See Westcott.) 

(1) "The disciples," John 2: 11, 12; 6: 61, 66; Acts 6: 1, 2, 7; etc. 

(2) "The brethren," Acts 1: 15; 9: 30; St. Paul throughout his 
Epistles; I. John 3: 14; III. John 5: 10; John 21: 23. 

(3) "The believers," Acts 10: 45; I. Tim. 4: 12; etc. 

(4) "The saints," Acts 9: 13, 32, 41 ; Jude 3; St. Paul through- 
out his Epistles. 

(5) "Christians," Acts 11: 26; 26: 28; I. Pet. 4 16. 

Twenty fourth: A close analysis of I. John 4: 7-21, shows us 
that this section deals in succession with: 
M) The ground of love (4: 7-10). 

(2) The inspiration of love (4: 11-16 a). 

(3) The activity of love (4: 166-21). 

Twenty- fifth: St. John in his writings gives us three state- 
ments as to the nature of the Divine Being: 



The First Epistle of John. 93 

(1) God is spirit, John 4: 24. 

(2) God is light, I. John 1:5. 

(3) God is love, I. John 4: 8, 16. 

Twenty- sixth: We are not to regard spirit, light, and love sim- 
ply as attributes of God, but they describe essential aspects of 
his nature. 

(1) God in his being is Spirit. 

(2) By Light, we have a moral description of the character of 
God, in his relation to all created things. 

(3) Love describes God in his personal relation to self-con- 
scious creatures. 

(4) We may therefore define God as Holy Love. 
Twenty-seventh: Study the first chapter, and note what John 

teaches concerning the doctrine of God. 

(1) Of the Father. 

1. The origin of grace is in God the Father, 1: 2. 

2. The believer has fellowship with the Father, 1: 3. 

3. God as to his essential nature is perfect light, 1: 5. 

4. Therefore God is absolutely holy, 1 : 5. 

5. God is faithful, 1:9. 

6. God is righteous and true, 1: 9, 10. 

7. God the Father forgives and cleanses us by applying the 
blood of the Son to believers, 1 : 9. 

(2) Of the Son. 

1. Jesus is the Christ, 1: 3. 

8. The Son of the Father, 1: 3, 7. 

3. Of the same essence with the Father, 1: 3. 

4. Is the life, 1:2. 

•5. The believer has fellowship with him, 1: 3. 

6. Through the Son, the believer has fellowship with the 
Father, 1:3; 2:23. 

7. His blood cleanses us from all sin, 1: 7. 

8. This implies that he has died for us, 1: 7. 

Twenty- eighth: In the same way study the whole Epistle, writ- 
iDg out clearly and arranging in tabular form, what John 
teaches concerning the three Persons of the Trinity. 

Twenty ninth: Study the first chapter, and note what John 
teaches concerning sin, and man's relation to God. 

(1) Eternal life has been manifested in Christ, 1: 2. 

(2) Outside of Christ there is no fellowship with God, 1:3. 
Compare I. John 3: 14; John 5: 24. 40; 3: 36; Eph. 2: 3. 



94 The First Epistle of John. 

(3) Sin separates from God, 1 : 6. 

(4) "We have no fellowship with Christ until we receive the 
forgiveness of our sins, 1 : 7. 

(5) Sin as an evil principle (original sin), is in all men, 1: 8, 9. 

(6) Sin as an evil principle dwells even in believers, 1:8, 9. 

(7) On certain conditions, God is faithful and righteous to for- 
give our sins, 1 : 9. 

(8) All men are guilty of actual sins, 1: 10. 

Thirtieth: Examine the whole Epistle, and arrange in tabular 
form what John teaches concerning sin. 

Thirty first: Study the second chapter, and write out dis- 
tinctly what John teaches concerning Christ as our Mediator. 

(1) He is our Advocate with the Father, 2: 1. 

(2) Is the anointed of God, the Christ, 2: 1, 22. 

(3) Is the propitiation for the sins of believers, 2: 2. 

(4) Even for the whole world, 2: 2. 

(5) He is the true light, 2: 8. 

(6) For his name's sake we receive forgiveness, 2: 12. 

(7) Is eternal, 2: 13, 14, even the Son of God, 2: 22, 23. 

(8) Through him we approach the Father, 2: 23. 

(9) If we abide in him, we abide also in the Father, 2: 24. 

(10) He shall come again, 2: 28. 

(11) Apart from God in Christ there is no righteousness, 2: 29. 
Thirty- second: Study the whole Epistle, and write out in tabu- 
lar form John's teaching with reference to Christ as our 
Mediator. 

Thirty third: Study the whole Epistle with reference to John's 

teaching of the Work of the Holy Spirit. 
Thirty fourth: Study the Epistle carefully, and classify the 

practical duties enforced. 

(a) Duties to God. 

(b) Duties to our fellow-man. (1) In the State. (2) In the 
Church. (3) In the Family. 

(c) Duties to self. 

Thirty fifth: We would especially recommend Plummer on 
the Three Epistles of John, in the Cambridge Bible for Schools 
and Colleges, and for advanced students who understand 
Greek, the work of Westcott. 






STUDY XVII. 

PART I. 

The Second Epistle of John. 

First: The testimony of the Early Church is strongly in favor 
of the view that the Gospel and the three Epistles were written 
by the Apostle John. 

Second: This implies that the Apostle calls himself "the Elder," 
(TI. John 1; III. John 1) not simply to describe his age or 
fatherly affection, but also his official position, as the last of 
the Apostles. 

Third: Internal evidence is also strongly in favor of the Apos- 
tolic authorship of the Second, and therefore also of the Third 
Epistle. 

(1) Compare II. John 1 and III. John 1 with I. John 3: 18. 

(2) II. John 4 and III. John 3 with I. John 4: 21. 

(3) II. John 5 with I. John 2: 7 and John 13: 34. 

(4) II. John 7 with I. John 4: 1-3. 

(5) II. John 9 with I. John 2: 23. 

(6) III. John 11 with I. John 2: 29; 3: 6. 

(7) III. John 12 with John 21 : 24. 

(8) III. John 13, 14 and II. John 12, 13, with I. John 1: 4 and 
John 15: 11. 

Fourth: This Epistle shows the Apostle John to us as the 

shepherd of individual souls. 
Fifth: In it we have a glimpse of the every-day life of the 

Christian home. 
Sixth: Some think by the term "elect lady" some particular 

Christian Church is meant. 
Seventh: But it is better to regard this letter as written to an 

individual, to some Christian lady, of whom we have no fur- 
ther information, save what this letter affords. 
Eighth: The letter appears to have been written after his first 

Epistle, and probably from Ephesus. 
Ninth: Read the letter carefully, and find out all you can about 

the person addressed. 

(95) 



96 The Second Epistle of John. 

Tenth: The Greek for "lady" is kuria, and some have thought 

that the name of the woman addressed by John was Kyria. 
Eleventh: Make a careful analysis of the Epistle. 

(1) Address and greeting (1-3). 

(2) Counsel and warning (4-11). 

1. Occasion of the letter (4). 

2. Exhortation to love and obedience (5, 6). 

3. Warnings against false doctrine (7, 9). 

4. Warnings against false hospitality (10, 11). 

(3) Conclusion (12, 13). 

Twelfth: There are forty-five variations in this Epistle between 
the Authorized and the Revised Versions. ( Verify.) A reason 
can be given for each change in the translation. 

Thirteenth: The word "truth" is used five times in this Epistle, 
and six times in III. John. 

Fourteenth: The combination of the words "grace, mercy, and 
peace" occurs only in II. John 3; I. Tim. 1:1; II. Tim. 1: 2. 

Fifteenth: Make a special study of each of these three terms. 

(1) Grace designates the favor and conduct of God towards 
man as a sinner. See Study III., Part II. 

(2) The word "grace" is rare in the writings of John. Only 
here and John 1: 14, 16, 17; Rev. 1: 4; 22: 21. 

(8) Mercy is the compassion of God towards man's misery as a 
sinner. It occurs only here in the writings of John. 

(4) Peace is the result when the guilt of sin is forgiven. See 
John 14: 27; 16: 33; 20: 19, 21, 26; Rom. 8: 6; Eph. 2: 14. 

Sixteenth: John lays great stress on the Incarnation of Jesus 

Christ. II. John 7. 
Seventeenth: John in his writings describes the Incarnation 

under different aspects. (See Westcott.) 

(1) In regard to the Father, it is a "Sending." 

(a) In general. John 5: 23, 37; 6: 44; 8: 18; 12: 49; 14: 24. 
(6) With some special object expressed. John 3: 17; I. John 
4: 9, 10, 14. 

(2) In regard to the Son, it is a "Coming." 

(a) The simple fact stated. John 1: 11; 8:42; 16: 28; I. John 
4:2. 

(b) With some special object designated. John 9: 39; 10: 10; 
12:47; 18:37. 

(3) In regard to the form, it is in "Flesh." 

(a) The simple fact stated. John 1 : 14; I. John 4: 2. 



The Second Epistle of John. 97 

(b) He shall so come again, II. John 7. 
(4) In regard to men, it is a "Manifestation." 

(a) He was manifested by his Incarnation. John 1:31; 
I. John 1:2; 3:5, 8. 

(b) He was manifested in his glorified body, after his resur- 
rection. John 21: 1, 14. 

(c) He shall be manifested in the future. I. John 2: 28; 3:2. 
Eighteenth: Scripture clearly teaches why the Son of God 

became Man. 

(1) That he might save us from the condemnation of sin. 

(a) To save sinners. I. Tim. 1: 15. 

(b) To seek and to save that which was lost. Luke 19: 10. 

(c) To redeem them which were under the law. Gal. 4: 4, 5; 
3:13. 

(2) That by a vicarious sacrifice he might satisfy the holiness 
and justice of God. 

(a) To give his life a ransom for many. Matt. 20: 28; Heb. 

9:28. 
(6) To make propitiation for the sins of the people, Heb. 2: 

17; Rom. 3, 25; I. John 2: 1, 2; 4: 10. 

(c) To take away sins, I. John 3: 5; 1. 9. 

(d) To redeem us with his precious blood, I. Pet. 1 : 18-20. 

(3) That he might conquer Satan. 

(a) To destroy the works of the devil. I. John 3: 8. 

(b) To bring to nought him that had the power of death, that 
is,, the devil. Heb. 2: 14. 

(4) That he might bestow upon us eternal life. John 3:16; 
10: 10. 



PART II. 

The Third Epistle of John. 

First: This letter appears to have been written by John about 
the same time as the Second Epistle, after the Gospel and 
First Epistle, towards the end of the Apostle's life. 

Second: Of Gaius, the person addressed, we know nothing defi- 
nite, save what this letter informs us. 

Third: It is highly probable that there are at least three persons 
of the name of Gaius, mentioned in the New Testament. 



98 The Third Epistle of John. 

(1) Gaius of Corinth (Rom. 16: 28), probably the same as the 
one mentioned in I. Cor. 1 : 14. 

(2) Gaius of Macedonia. Acts 19: 29. 

(3) Gaius of Derbe. Acts 20: 4, 5. 

Fourth: It is possible that the Gaius of our Epistle may be one 

of these. 
Fifth: Read the Epistle carefully, and note what we can learn 

concerning Gaius. 

(1) He is a believer (v. 2) and beloved of the Apcstle (v. 1). 

(2) Setting a good example to other believers (vv. 3, 4). 

(3) Noted for his hospitality to Christian strangers (vv. 5-7). 

(4) The Apostle hopes shortly to visit him (v. 14). 

(5) Is well-known (v. 14). 

(6) Possibly some well-to-do layman (v. 6). 

(?) A prominent member of some local Church (v. 9). 
Sixth: Make a careful analysis of the Epistle. 

(1) Address (1). 

(2) Personal good wishes (2-4). 

(3) Gaius is commended for his hospitality to missionary 
brethren (5-8). 

(4) Diotrephes is condemned for his ambitious self-assertion 
(9, 10). 

(5) Demetrius is commended (11, 12). 

(6) Conclusion (13, 14). 

Seventh: Make a special study of the titles given to our Saviour 
in the Epistles of John. (See Westcott.) 

(1) "The Name." III. John 7; compare Acts 5: 41; John 20: 31; 
I. John 2: 12; 3.23. 

(2) "Jesus." I. John 2: 22; 4: 3; 5: 1, 5. 

(3) "Christ." II. John 9. 

(4) "Jesus Christ." I. John 2: 1; 5: 6; II. John 7. 

(5) "The Son." I. John 2: 22, 23, 24; 4: 14; 5: 12. 

(6) "The Son of God." I. John 3: 8; 5: 10, 12, 13, 20. ' 

(7) "Jesus his Son." I. John 1: 7. 

(8) "His only begotten Son." I. John 4: 9. 

(9) His full title, "His Son Jesus Christ," is found three times, 
I. John 1:3; 3:23; 5:20. 

Eighth: St. John, in his writings, uses the word "truth" in 
various senses. (See Alexander in Speaker's Commentary.) 
(1) Truth as objective, 
(a) As living and embodied in the Son. John 14: 6. 



The Third Epistle op John. 99 

(b) As living and embodied in the Holy Spirit. I. John 5: 7. 

(c) As embodied in the sum-total of the revelation of Jesus— 
the absolute truth. John 1: 17; 8: 32, 40; 16: 13; IT: 17. 

(2) The truth received passes subjectively into the truth in us. 
I. John 1: 8; 2: 4; II. John 2; III. John 3 
(a) Truth in thought. I. John 2: 21; II. John 1. 
{b) Truth in action. I. John 1 : 6. 

(c) Truth in speech. John 8: 45, 46. 

(d) Truth in actuality— the fact as opposed to the sham. 
I. John 3: 18; II. John 1; III. John 1. 



STUDY XVIII. 

The Epistle of Jude. 

First: The writer of this Epistle was Jude, a brother of James, 
and therefore one of the brethren of the Lord. 

Second: He was not one of the Apostles (John 7: 5), and prob- 
ably was not converted to a belief in Jesus as the Messiah until 
nfter Christ's appearance to James, after the Resurrection. 
T. Cor. 15:7. 

Third: Of his life we know absolutely nothing. 

Fourth: The Epistle is addressed to Christians who had been 
Jews. 

(a) His readers are familiar with Old Testament Scriptures and 
Jewish traditions. 

Fifth: There is no reason to question the authenticity and 
genuineness of the Epistle. 

(a) It is mentioned in the Muratorian Canon. (About 170 A.D.) 

(b) Clemens of Alexandria (died 202) quotes it. 

(c) It was received among the Canonical Books at the Council 
of Laodicea (363 A.D.), as well as at the Council of Carthage 
(397 A.D.) 

Sixth: It was probably written in Palestine, shortly after Peter 

wrote his Second Epistle. 
Seventh: A careful comparison of the Epistle of Jude with 

the Second Epistle of Peter, seems to establish the fact that 

II. Peter was written first. 

(1) That which Peter predicts has already come to pass when 
Jude writes. 

(1) Compare II. Pet. 2: 1, 2, 3, with Jude 4. 

(2) Compare II. Pet. 3: 1-4, with Jude 17, 18. 

(2) The evil teaching of which Peter speaks has already in 
Jude found its natural consequence of evil doing. Compare 
II. Pet. 2: 1-3 with Jude 4, 8, 10, 13, 16. 

(3) Jude elaborates some of the passages of Peter. Compare 
II. Pet. 2: 4 with Jude 6; II. Pet. 2: 6 with Jude 7; II. 
Pet. 2: 11 with Jude 9; II. Pet. 2: 17 with Jude 12. 

(100) 



The Etistle of Jude. 101 

Eighth: Make a careful analysis of the Epistle. 

Ninth: Analyze each verse, and write out each distinct thought. 

Tenth: Make a special study of the following phrases: "Servant 
of Jesus Christ," " to them that aTe called," "kept for Jesus 
Christ," " our common salvation." " to contend for the faith," 
"the grace of our God," "the judgment of the great day," 
"the punishment of eternal fire," "the creatures without 
reason." "works of ungodliness," "ungodly sinners," "in 
the last time," "having not the Spirit," "your most holy 
faith," " praying in the Holy Spirit," "keep yourselves in the 
the love of God," "the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ," 
" who are in doubt," " snatching them out of the fire," " the 
garment spotted by the flesh," "without blemish." 

Eleventh: Make a special study of the following words: 
"Mercy," "peace," "love," "saint," "condemnation," 
"Master," "Lord," "Jesus," "Christ," "darkness," "error," 
"convict," "ungodly," "Apostle," "eternal life," "joy," 
"Saviour." "glory," "dominion." 

Twelfth: Prepare a brief historical sketch of all the fact3 
which will explain the allusions of Jude to events recorded in 
the Old Testament. 
{1) The Lord saved a people out of the land of Egypt. 

(2) He destroyed them that believed not. 

(3) The history of Sodom and Gomorrah. 

(4) The way of Cain. 

(5) The error of Balaam. 

(6) The gainsaying of Korah. 

(7) The history of Enoch. 

Thirteenth: Jude takes it for granted that his readers are ac- 
quainted with certain facts of revelation not recorded in the 
Old Testament. 

(1) The fall of the angels. Jude 6. 

(2) The contention of Michael the archangel with the devil 
concerning the body of Moses. Jude 9. 

(3) The prophecy of Enoch. Jude 14, 15. 

Fourteenth: This ought not to surprise us, for Paul also gives 

us some facts in the history of Moses, not recorded in the 

book of Exodus. II. Tim. 3: 8. 
Fifteenth: The very fact that the Apostle Jude uses these 

illustrations proves that the events referred to are historical 

and authentic. 



102 The Epistle of Jude. 

Sixteenth: Because Jude refers to these events, it does not 
follow that he quotes from two apocryphal books known as 
the "Assumption of Moses" and the "Book of Enoch," 
books which may have existed in the time of Christ. 

Seventeenth: For these two apocryphal books evidently are 
based upon the same true Jewish tradition. 

Eighteenth: Make a special study of what the New Testament 
teaches concerning "Evil Angels." Jude 6. 

(1) From Jude 6, compared with II. Pet. 2:4, we learn: 

1. That the evil angels have sinned. II. Pet. 2: 4. 

2. And not kept their own principality. Jude 6. 

3. But left their proper habitation. Jude 6. 

4. God spared them not, but cast them into dungeons. II. 
Pet. 2:4. 

5. Into Tartarus. II. Pet. 2: 4. 

6. Committing them to pits of darkness. II. Pet. 2: 4. 

7. Where the Lord keeps them in everlasting bonds. Jude 6. 

8. Under darkness. Jude 6. 

9. To be reserved unto the judgment of the great day. II. 
Pet. 2:4; Jude 6. 

(2) From other passages of Scripture we learn — 

1. That they are the angels of the devil. Matt. 25: 41; Rev. 
12:7. 

2. For which the eternal fire is prepared. Matt. 25: 41. 

3. The evil spirits, the demons, which in Christ's time pos- 
sessed the souls and bodies of men. Acts 19: 12, 13; Matt. 
12: 27, 28; etc. 

4. The principalities, the powers, the world-rulers of this 
darkness, against whom we wrestle: Eph. 6: 12; Col. 
2:15. 

5. The spiritual hosts of wickedness in the heavenly places. 
Eph. 6: 12. 

6. They seek to separate us from the love of God. Bom. 8: 
38, 39. 

7. In some way believers shall take part in their judgment. 
I. Cor. 6:3. 

8. They have become subject to Christ. I. Pet. 3: 22. 

. 9. They believe that there is a God, and shudder. James 
2:19. 

10. And acknowledge the justice of their doom, James 2: 
19; II. Pet. 2: 11. 



The Epistle of Jude. 103 

Nineteenth: Make a special study of what the New Testament 
teaches concerning "the devil." Jude 9. 

(1) His chief names. 

(a) The Tempter. Matt. 4:3; I. Thess. 3: 5. 

(b) Satan = Adversary = Enemy. Mark 1:13; 4:15; Acts 
26: 18; Matt. 13: 39; I. Pet. 5: 8. 

(c) The Devil = Slanderer = Accuser. Rev. 12: 9, 10. 

(d) Old Serpent = Dragon. Rev. 12: 9; 20: 2; II. Cor. 11: 3. 

(e) Beelzebub. Matt. 12: 24, 27. 

(2) His personal existence. The personal existence of the 
"Evil Spirit" is most distinctly taught in Scripture. 

(a) He was a murderer from the beginning. John 8: 44. 

(b) A liar, and the father of lies. John 8: 44. 

(c) He sinneth from the beginning. I. John 3: 8. 

(d) The Son of God was manifested that He might destroy 
the works of the devil. I. John 3: 8. 

(e) He is the prince of this world. John 14: 30; 16: 11; 
II. Cor. 4: 4. 

(3) His nature. 

(a) He is a spirit. Eph. 2: 2. 

(&) The whole description of his power implies spiritual 

nature and spiritual influence. Col. 1: 13; Eph. 2: 2; 6: 11; 

II. Cor. 11:14. 

(c) Angels are subject to him. Matt. 25-. 41; Rev. 12: 7, 9. 

(d) The description given of his character also proves that he 
is of angelic nature, a rational and spiritual creature. Pride, 
I. Tim. 3: 6; craftiness, II. Cor. 11: 3; I. Tim. 3: 7; deceit- 
fulness, Eph. 6: 11; fierce and powerful, I. Pet. 5: 8; pre- 
sumptuous, Matt. 4: 5, 6. 

(4) His mode of action. 

(a) He acts directly upon the soul. Matt. 13: 19, 25, 39. 

(6) He acts indirectly by his instruments. Eph. 6: 12; John 

16:11; II. Cor. 4: 4; I. John 2: 16; John 8: 44; I. John 3: 10. 
(c) But he can be resisted. Eph. 4:27; 6:11; James 4:7; 

I. Pet. 5.8. 

(5) His doom. 

(a) He has been overcome. Luke 10: 18; Heb. 2: 14; I. John 
3:8. 

(b) He shall be bound for a thousand years. Rev. 20: 2, 3. 

(c) And finally shall be cast into the lake of fire and brim- 
stone. Matt. 25: 41; Rev. 20: 10. 



104 The Epistle of Jude. 

Twentieth: In the Epistle of Jude we have a remarkable de- 
scription of the different aspects of sin. 

(1) In its manifestation. 

1. It turns the grace of God into lasciviousness (v. 4). 

2. Causes a denial of our Master and Lord (v. 4). 

3. Leads to sins of abomination (v. 7). 

4. To a defilement of the flesh (v. 8). 

5. To a setting at nought of dominion (v. 8). 

6. A railing at supernatural powers (v. 8). 

7. At whatsoever things they know not (v. 10). 

8. Leads to the deepest excesses of sin (vv. 10, 19). 

9. Leads to hatred and murder (v. 11). 

10. To wrong-doing for the sake of hire (v. 11). 

11. And rebellion against the ministers of God (v. 11). 

12. Makes men to be ungodly (vv. 4, 15). 

13. To do works of ungodliness (v. 15). 

14. To speak against the Lord (v. 15). 

15. It leads men to murmur and complain (v. 16). 

16. To walk after their ungodly lusts (vv. 16, 18). 

17. To speak great swelling words (v. 16). 

18. To shew respect of persons for the sake of advantage 
(v. 16). 

19. Leads to mockery of God (v. 18). 

20. To the making of separations (v. 19). 

21. They have not the Spirit (v. 19). 

(2) As compared with natural objects, these ungodly men are 

like: 

1. The creatures without reason (v. 10). 

2. Hidden rocks and spots in your love-feasts (v. 12). 

3. Shepherds that without fear feed themselves (v. 12). 

4. Clouds without water, carried along by winds (v. 12). 

5. Autumn trees without fruit, twice dead, plucked up by 
the roots (v. 12). 

6. Wild waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame 
(v. 13). 

7. Wandering stars (v. 13). 

(3) In its results. 

1. For sin leads to condemnation (v. 4). 

2. Those that believe not shall be destroyed (v. 5). 

3. Shall be kept under darkness unto the judgment of the 
great day (v. 6). 



The Epistle of Jude. 



105 



4. Doomed to suffer the punishment of eternal fire (v. 7). 

5. For whom the blackness of darkness has been reserved 
forever (v. 13). 

6. Judgment shall be executed upon them (v. 15). 

7. They shall be convicted of all their ungodly works (v. 15). 

8. They shall be separated from the love of God (v. 21). 

9. And cannot look for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ 
(v. 21). 

10. They shall not obtain eternal life (v. 21). 

11. They shall not dwell in the presence of the glory of God 
(v. 24). 

13. They shall not possess exceeding joy (v. 25). 



STUDY XIX. 

The Book or Kevelation. 

First: It is the unanimous opinion of all conservative critics 

that the Book of Revelation was written by the Apostle John. 

Rev. 1:1, 4, 9; 22:8. 
Second: Early tradition points to Ephesus as the scene of the 

later activity of John. 
Third: The time of John's exile to Patmos is uncertain. 
Fourth: The majority of modern critics maintain that John 

wrote this book between 68 and 70 A.D. , before the destruction 

of Jerusalem. 
Fifth: But there is no reason why we should doubt the clear 

and weighty testimony of the Early Church, that John wrote 

the book of Revelation in his old age, at the end of Domitian's 

reign, at about the same time that he wrote the Gospel and 

the Epistles. 
Sixth: Some have laid great stress upon the difference in form 

and style between the Apocalypse and the other writings of 

John. 
Seventh: But the extent of this difference has been greatly 

exaggerated, and whatever difference there may be, can all be 

traced to the grandeur of prophetic language. 
Eighth: For it is plainly evident that John has intentionally 

adopted the prophetic style of Ezekiel and Daniel. 
Ninth: Carefully read the Book of Revelation at one sitting, 

and test the following analysis of Farrar: 
Prologue. Rev. 1 : 1-8. 

(1) Letters to the Seven Churches in Asia. Rev. 1: 9—3: 22. 

(2) The Seven Seals. Rev. 4 : 1—8 : 1. 

(3) The Seven Trumpets. Rev. 8: 2—11 : 19. 

(4) The Seven Mystic Figures. Rev. 12: 1—14: 20. 

1. The Sun-clothed Woman. Rev. 12: 1-6. 

2. The Red Dragon. Rev. 12: 7-12. 

3. The Man-child. Rev. 12: 13-17. 

4. The First Beast from the Sea. Rev. 13: 1-10. 

5. The Second Beast from the Land. Rev. 13: 11-18. 

6. The Lamh on Mount Zion. Rev. 14: 1-13. 

(106) 



The Book of Revelation. 107 

7. The Son of Man on the Cloud. Rev. 14: 14-20. 

(5) The Seven Vials. Rev. 15: 1—16: 21. 

(6) The Doom of the Foes of Christ. Rev. 17: 1—20: 15. 

(7) The Blessed Consummation. Rev. 21 : 1—22 : 7. 
The Epilogue. Rev. 22 : 8-21. 

Tenth: It is not our object to expound the Book of Revelation. 
Eleventh: Amidst all the various theories of interpretation, it 

is well to remember that every prophecy is an enigma before 

its accomplishment. 
Twelfth: There are three principal systems of exposition, 

according to which the Apocalypse has been interpreted. 

(1) The Preterists assert that these prophecies were fulfilled in 
the first ages of Christianity, chiefly in the history of the 
Jewish nation, down to the destruction of Jerusalem, and in 
the history of Pagan Rome. 

(2) The Continuous- Historical School maintains that the book 
contains a prophetic history of the continuous fortunes of 
the Church and of the World, from the time the book was 
written unto the end of all things — that many of the prophe- 
cies have been fulfilled, but that others are still unfulfilled. 

(3) The Futurists are divided into two classes. 

(a) The extreme Futurists, who maintain that the whole of 
the book, including the description of the Seven Churches, 
refers to what is still future. 

(b) The simple Futurists think that the first three chapters 
relate to actual churches existing in Asia Minor at the 
time of the writer, while the remaining prophecies are 
still unfulfilled. 

Thirteenth: The book seems to decide for us how we are to 
view its contents. Rev. 1: 1, 19; 4: 1. 

Fourteenth: In general, we may say that from Rev. 4: 1 on- 
ward, we have a description of what was future, not only in 
John's time, but also of that which now still largely lies in 
the future. 

Fifteenth: Another important question is whether we are to 
regard the main body of the book (Rev. 4: 1—22: 7) as strictly 
continuous, following one after another in chronological order, 
or whether some of the visions are synchronous, each group 
.containing a prophecy reaching from the prophet's time to the 
end of the world. 

Sixteenth: There are many who think that the prophet at least 
five times, gives us a description of the end. (1) Rev. 6: 12-17; 



108 The Book of Revelation. 

(2) Rev. 11:15-19; (3) Rev. 14:18-20; (4) Rev. 16:17-21; (5) 
Rev. 20: 11-15. 
Seventeenth: This would favor the view that there at least five 
groups of visions, which, in a general way, refer to events par- 
allel to one another, each one culminating in a vivid descrip- 
tion of the final end. 
(l)Rev. 5:1—8:1. 

(2) Rev. 8: 2—11:19. 

(3) Rev. 12: 1—14: 20. 

(4) Rev. 15:1—16:21. 

(5) Rev. 17: 1—20: 15. 

Eighteenth. Make a careful analysis of the first chapter. 
Nineteenth: Make a careful analysis of chapters two and three. 
Twentieth: Note that the letters to the Seven Churches have a 
common seven-fold analysis: 

(1) The Address. 

(2) The description of the Speaker. 
{3) The praise. 

(4) The reproof. 

(5) The warning. 

(6) The solemn appeal. 

(7) The promise to him that overcometh. 
Twenty-first: Examine carefully the first three chapters, verse 

by verse, and write out, as concisely as possible, what we 

learn about God the Father. 
Twenty second: Arrange in tabular form whatever is said of 

Jesus Christ, as presented in these three chapters. 
Twenty-third: Study these three chapters with reference to 

what they teach about the Future. 
Twenty-fourth: Study the same, verse by verse, with reference 

to the practical truths taught. 

(1) Duty to God. 

(2) Duty to man. 

(a) In the State. 

(b) In the Church. 

(c) In the Family. 

(3) Duty to Self. 

Twenty-fifth: Study the contents of each chapter so closely 
as to be able to give outline from memory. 



STUDY XX. 

PAET I. 

Practical Hints. 

Fikst: Constant review is the only key to exact knowledge. 
Second: Progress does not depend on the amount of work gone 

over, but on retaining definitely the most important facts and 

truths learned. 
Third: Above all other things it is necessary for the Christian 

worker to be familiar with the Bible. 
Fourth: We cannot lay too much stress upon the necessity of 

committing the most important passages of God's word to 

memory. 
Fifth: Make your own brief analysis of each book of the New 

Testament. Write it out as concisely as possible and commit 

to memory, and review constantly. 
Sixth: Study one book at a time, analyze each chapter, and 

master so thoroughly that you can give the contents of each 

chapter from memory. 
Seventh: Do not be discouraged at your slow progress. Re- 
member it will be of greater help to you to know one book 

thoroughly, than to know many books but partly. 
Eighth: Where there is a will there is a way. It is best to 

study by analysis and to work out your own results. 
Ninth: If you begin to analyze, you will soon learn to arrange 

and put together in tabular form, which we call Synthesis. 
Tenth: In these twenty studies we Ihave aimed to give you 

hints how to study for yourselves. 
Eleventh: Although these studies do not cover any of the 

Epistles of Paul, you will find that the hints given will be a 

sufficie^ J lide. 
Twelfth . It may sound somewhat strange to you, but if you 

simply follow the suggestions given in these twenty studies, 

you will have more than you can accomplish in a year. 
Thirteenth: And what is the most important of all, you will 

(109) 



110 Practical Hints. 

not be studying the books of men, but the Word of God itself. 
Fourteenth: Always remember that you are studying the 
Word for a double purpose: 

(1) For your own edification. 

(2) For the obtaining of power and wisdom to lead others to 
Christ. 

Fifteenth: Let your aim be to apply whatever you learn in 

practical work. 
Sixteenth: Commit especially those passages of God's Word 

which have a direct bearing on the salvation of souls. 
Seventeenth: Be diligent in using the three means of Biblical 

study : 

(1) Prayer. 

(2) Meditation. 

(3) Christian experience. 

Eighteenth: In the following Review do not take up a new 
subject until the preceding is absolutely mastered. Aim to be 
accurate. Go over this review at least once every year. 



PART II. 
IR, IE VIEW. 

Questions Bearing on Inteoduction. 

STUDY I. 

1. Give the order of the books of the New Testament with num- 
ber of chapters. 

2. Name the Epistles of Paul in chronological order. 

3. How do we prove that the books of the New Testament were 
written by the persons whose names they bear? 

4. How do we know that our copies of the New Testament are 
correct and accurate? 

5. Name the principal English versions of the New Testament. 

6. Why do we find so many differences between the Authorized 
and Revised Versions? 



Review. Ill 

STUDY II. 

7. With what faculties should the student be endowed? 

8. What dispositions should he cultivate? 

9. What duties must he diligently perform? 

10. Draw some distinctions between reading and studying the 
Bible. 

11. Give some general hints for the study of the Gospels. 

12. Give some general hints for the study of the Pauline Epistles. 
13- Give some special suggestions for the study of one of the 

Epistles of Paul, say, the Epistle to the Colossians. 

14. Under what heads may all our duties be classified? 

15. Under what seven heads may all the truths of God's Word 
be classified? 

16. What special doctrines belong to each great division? 

STUDY III. 

17. What five fundamental principles do we take for granted, 
when we interpret the Bible? 

18. What is meant by the grammatical sense of Scripture? 

19. What are our four sources for obtaining the true meaning of 
a passage? 

20. Give some hints how to study a passage. 

21. What help can we obtain from the context? 

22. Why must we study parallel texts? 

23. What advice would'you give about using other resources? 

24. What other circumstances must be taken into consideration 
in the interpretation of the Bible? 

25. Why do we lay so much stress on the comparative study of 
the Bible? 

26. How long does it take to read the different books of the 
New Testament? 

STUDY IV. 

27. Name five false views of the nature of the Inspiration of the 
Bible. 

28. What do we mean by Plenary or Full Inspiration? 

29. Distinguish between Revelation, Inspiration and Spiritual 
Illumination. 

30. Why is it necessary that the Bible should be inspired? 

31. Show from the Scriptures that the Bible is inspired. 



112 Review. 



STUDY V. 



32. What are the two eyes of history? 

33. Give a chronology of the life of Christ. 

34. Give a chronology of the life of Paul. 

35. Review thoroughly all the questions bearing on the geo- 
graphy of the places mentioned in the New Testament. 

STUDY VI. 

36. What is the practical value of a Harmony of the Gospels? 

37. Review the seventy-eight questions given at the bottom of 
the Harmony. 

STUDY VII. 

38. Name the separate characteristics of the Four Gospels. 

39. Write out a brief statement in answer to all questions per- 
taining to an "Introduction" to the Gospel according to Mat- 
thew, as "By whom written?" "For whom?" "When?" 
"Why?" "Where?" 

40. Give the contents of each chapter from memory. 

STUDY IX. 

41. Why does the Gospel according to Mark, deserve to be 
studied first? 

42. Write out a brief statement in answer to all questions per- 
taining to "Introduction." 

43. Give the contents of each chapter from memory. 

STUDY X. 

44. Write out a brief statement in answer to all questions per- 
taining to an "Introduction" to the Gospel according to 
Luke. 

45. Write out a brief history of Luke. 

46. Give the contents of each chapter from memory. 

STUDY XI. 

47. Show that the Apostle John was the author of the Fourth 
Gospel. 

48. Write out a brief "Introduction" to this Gospel. 

49. Name some of the peculiarities of this Gospel. 

50. Give the contents of each chapter from memory. 



Review. 113 

51. Commit the following passages: John 3:3-36; 5:19-47; 14: 
1-31; 15: 1-27; 16: 1-33; 17: 1-26. 

52. Make a special and final study of the Harmony, asking your- 
self such questions as these: 

(1) What chapters in Mark and Luke correspond with the third 
of Matthew? 

(2) With the thirteenth? 

(3) With the twenty-first? 

(4) With the twenty-fourth? 

(5) In what Gospels is the Sermon on the Mount recorded? 

(6) What parables are common to the three Synoptists? 

(7) What are peculiar to Matthew, to Mark, to Luke? 

(8) What long passages are peculiar to Matthew, to Mark, to 
Luke, to John? 

53. Examine yourself repeatedly on the contents of the different 
chapters. 

54. Make a special study of Stalker's Life of Christ. 

STUDY XII. 

55. Write out a brief statement in answer to all questions per- 
taining to an "Introduction" to the Acts of the Apostles. 

56. Give the contents of each chapter from memory. 

57. Give an account of the principal speeches of Peter recorded 
in the Acts. 

58. Give an account of the different missionary journeys of St. 
Paul. 

59. Give an account of the principal speeches of Paul recorded 
in the Acts. 

60. Give an account of the speech of Stephen. 

61. Make a special study of Stalker's Life of St. Paul. 

STUDY XIII. 

62. Prepare a brief "Introduction" to the Epistle of James. 

63. Write out a brief life of James, the Lord's brother. 

64. Prepare your own analysis of the Epistle, commit to mem- 
ory, and give the contents of each chapter from memory. 

STUDY XIV. 

65. Prepare a brief 'Introduction" to the Epistle of Peter. 

66. Write out a brief life of Peter. 

67. Prepare your own analysis of the Epistle, commit to mem- 
ory, and give the contents of each chapter from memory. 



114 Review. 

STUDY XV. 

68. What right have we to believe that II. Peter is a part of the 
New Testament? 

69. What internal testimony have we for its genuineness and 
authenticity? 

70. Prepare your own analysis, commit to memory, and give the 
contents of each chapter from memory. 

STUDY XYI. 

71. Write out a brief "Introduction" to the First Epistle of John. 

72. Write a brief history of the life of John. 

73. Prepare your own analysis of the Epistle, commit to mem- 
ory, and give the contents of each chapter in your own words. 

74. Commit to memory the following passages: I. John 1 : 5-10; 
2:1-6; 2:15-17; 3:1-6; 4:7-21. 

STUDY XVII. 

75. Write out a brief "Introduction" to the Second Epistle of 
John. 

76. Write out a brief "Introduction" to the Third Epistle of 
John. 

STUDY XVIII. 

77. Write out a brief "Introduction" to the Epistle of Jude. 

STUDY XIX. 

78. Write out a brief "Introduction" to the book of Revelation. 

79. Name the three principal theories of interpretation. 

80. How may we analyze the book? 

81. How may each of the letters to the Seven Churches be ana- 
lyzed? 

82. Give the contents of each chapter of the Book of Revelation. 



Questions Bearing on the Doctrines and Duties 
of the Bible. 

STUDY I. 

1. In proving a doctrine from Scripture, it is not sufficient to 
state the general meaning of a passage, but quote Scripture 
correctly. 



Review. 115 

2. Commit at least two of the most important passages bearing 
on each doctrine. 

3. Commit especially those passages having an immediate bear- 
ing on the salvation of souls. 

4. Prove from Scripture that God has revealed himself a,6 one 
God. 

5. Prove that God has revealed himself as a Trinity in Unity. 

6. Prove that the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Father and the 
Son. 

7. What distinction between the persons of the Trinity may be 
drawn in outward works? 

STUDY II. 

8. Prove from Scripture that the Holy Ghost is a person. 

9. Prove that the Holy Ghost is true God, of the same essence 
with the Father and the Son. 

STUDY III. 

10. What is meant by the grace of the Holy Spirit? 

11. Why is the grace of God called the grace of the Holy Spirit? 

12. What does the New Testament teach concerning the grace 
of the Holy Spirit? 

13. Explain how the grace of God acts before conversion, in the 
act of conversion, and after conversion. 

14. In what order may we speak of the works of grace? 

STUDY IV. 

15. What is meant by the calif 

16. Distinguish between the direct and indirect call. 

17. What does Christ teach us about the call? 

18. What is the teaching of Peter? 

19. What is the teaching of Paul? 

STUDY V. 

20. What is Paul's teaching of the condition of the natural man? 

21. Define illumination. 

22. Distinguish between illumination, regeneration, and sancti- 
fication. 

23. What is the Scriptural teaching concerning illumination? 

24. Distinguish between literal and spiritual illumination. 



116 Review. 

STUDY VI. 

25. What is the teaching of Scripture concerning the new birth? 

26. How is the new birth described? 

27. In what two-fold sense is the word regeneration used? 

28. What distinction does St Paul draw between the condition 
of the intellect and will of man, before and after regeneration? 

29. How is regeneration effected? 

STUDY VII. 

30. In what two-fold sense is conversion spoken of in Scripture? 

31. Show that these Scripture passages are in harmony. 

32. Describe the two parts of conversion. 

33. How is conversion effected? 

34. Make a special study of the Sermon on the Mount, and write 
out distinctly what Christ teaches. 

(1) About the kingdom of heaven. 

(2) About the members of the kingdom. 

(3) About entrance into the kingdom. 

(4) About himself and his work. 

(5) About the way of salvation. 

35. The Miracles of Christ recorded in the Four Gospels, may be 
classified as follows: 

(1) Miracles on Nature. 

(a) Miracles of Creative Power. 
(&) Miracles of Providence. 

(2) Miracles on Man. 

(a) Miracles of Personal Faith. 
(&) Miracles of Intercession. 
(c) Miracles of Love. 

(3) Miracles on the Spirit World. 
(a) Miracles of Intercession. 

(&) Miracles of Antagonism. (After Westcott.) 

36. Make a special study of the miracles recorded by Matthew, 
classifying them under the proper head. 

37. Find out what miracles are recorded only by Mark, by Luke, 
by John. 

STUDY VIII. 

38. Distinguish between repentance and faith. 

39. In what does repentance consist? 

40. What are the marks of true repentance? 



Review. 117 

STUDY IX. 

41. What are the three elements of faith? 

42. Show that confidence is the principal part of faith. 

43. Distinguish between general and special faith. 

44. What is the contents of our faith? 

45. Show that God is the efficient cause of our faith. 

46. Show from Scripture what the instrumental cause of faith is. 

47. Distinguish between the receptive and operative energy of 
faith. 

STUDY X. 

48. Prove from Scripture that justification is a judicial process. 

49. Distinguish between justification, regeneration, and conver- 
sion. 

50. Draw a contrast between the condition of man before and 
after justification. 

51. In what two things does justification consist? 

52. How has Christ obtained the forgiveness of our sinsV 

53. How has Christ obtained a righteousness for us? 

54. In what does saving faith consist? 

55. Distinguish between an imputed and an inherent righteous- 
ness. 

56. Prove from Scripture that we are justified by faith alone. 

57. What are the effects of justification? 

58. Name certain properties of justification. 

59. The Parables of Christ recorded in the Four Gospels may 
be classified as follows: 

(1) Parables which represent the Kingdom of God as a Divine Power. 

1. The sower. 

2. The growing seed. 

3. The mustard seed. 

4. The leaven. 

5. The hid treasure. 

6. The pearl of great price. 

(2) Parables which have respect to the Cliurch as one whole. 

1. The barren fig-tree. 

2. The wicked husbandmen. 

3. The great supper. 

4. The wedding garment. 

5. The wheat and the tares. 

6. The draw-net and the householder. 

(3) Parables which refer to the entrance of individuals into the Church. 

1. Tbe lost sheep. 

2. The lost piece of silver. 



118 Review. 

3. The prodigal eon. 

(4) Parables which relate to the faith of the members of the Kingdom. 

1. The laborers in the vineyard. 

2. The Pharisee and the publican. 

3. The friend at midnight. 

4. The unjust judge. 

5. The two sons. 

6. The rich man and Lazarus. 

7. The unprofitable servants. 

(5) Parables which relate to the love of the members of the Kingdom. 

1. The unmerciful servant. 

2. The good Samaritan. 

3. The rich fool. 

4. The unjust steward. 

5. The two debtors. 

(6) Parables which refer to the hope of Christians. 

1. The ten virgins. 

2. The talents. 

3. The pounds. (After Lisco.) 

60. Make a special study of the first three classes of Parables. 

61. Make a special study of the last three classes of Parables. 

STUDY XI. 

62. Make a special study of John 1: 1-18, and write out what 
John teaches concerning the Person of Jesus Christ. 

63. Make a special study of John 3: 16-21, 31-36, and in a tab- 
ular form present what is taught with reference to the be- 
liever and unbliever. 

64. Study John 5: 19-47, and present in tabular form what Jesus 
teaches concerning Himself. 

65. Study John 10: 1-18, and present in tabular form what Jesus 
teaches concerning Himself. 

66. Study John 14: 1-11, and present in tabular form what Jesus 
teaches concerning Himself. 

67. Study John 14: 15-31; 15:26—16:15, and present in tabular 
form what Christ teaches concerning the Holy Spirit. 

68. Study John 14:12-21; 15: 1-27, and present in tabular form 
what Christ teaches concerning believers. 

69. What is meant by the mystical union of the believer with 
Christ? 

70. How is this union with Christ maintained? 

71 When is the believer adopted as a son of God? 
72. Present the Scriptural teaching of the believer's adoption as 
a son of God. 



Review. 119 

STUDY XII. 

73. Arrange in tabular form and revise the theology of Peter, 
as taught in his speeches as recorded in Acts. (See statement 
Fourteenth.) 

74. Arrange in tabular form and revise the theology of Paul, as 
taught in his speeches as recorded in Acts. (See statement 
Seventeenth.) 

75. What is the New Testament teaching concerning a holy life? 

76. How may we distinguish between renovation and sanctiflca- 
tion? 

77. Distinguish between Illumination, Regeneration, Conver- 
sion, Justification and Sanctification. 

STUDY XIII. 

78. Revise and rewrite your study of the Epistle of James with 
reference to its practical truths. (See statement Thirteenth.) 

79. Present the New Testament teaching concerning Good 
Works. 

80. Name the three Christian Virtues. 

81. Name the four Cardinal Virtues. 

82. Name the seven Spiritual Gifts. 

83. The twelve fruits of the Spirit, 

84. The seven Spiritual works of mercy. 

85. The seven corporal works of mercy. 

86. Name the seven deadly sins and their contrary virtues. 

STUDY XIV. 

87. Revise and rewrite what Peter teaches concerning the doc- 
trine of God, as taught in his First Epistle. (See statements 
Eleven and Twelve.) 

88. Revise and rewrite what Peter teaehes concerning the doc- 
trine (1) of the Person and (2) of the work of Jesus Christ. 
(See statements Thirteen and Fourteen.) 

89. Revise and rewrite what Peter teaches with reference to the 
Practical Duties of the Christian. (See statement Fifteenth.) 

90. What is the four-fold office of the Holy Ghost? 

91. Present the Scriptural teaching of this four-fold office. 

STUDY XV. 

92. Study the Second Epistle of Peter carefully, with reference 
to what Peter teaches about the doctrine of man. (See Study 
II, p. 10.) 



120 REVIEW. 9 

93. Study the whole Epistle with reference to the Practical 
Duties of the Christian, and present in tabular form. 

STUDY XVI. 

94. Study the First Epistle of John, and present what John 
teaches concerning the doctrine of God. (See Study II, p. 10.) 

95. The doctrine of man. (See Study II, p. 10.) 

96. The doctrine of the Person of Christ. (See Study II, p. 10.) 

97. The doctrine of the work of Christ. (See Study II, p. 10.) 

STUDY XVII. 

98. Review carefully the whole study, and write out a summary 
of doctrinal teachings. 

STUDY XVIII. 

99. Summarize the doctrinal teachings of the Epistle of Jude. 

STUDY XIX. 

100. Review and summarize the doctrinal teachings of the Book 
of Revelation. 

STUDY XX. 

101. Take up any one of the great central doctrines, as indicated 
in Study II., page 10, and make a special study, presenting it 
in the following form: 

(1) The teaching of Jesus, as given in the Gospels. 

(2) The teaching of Peter. 

(3) The teaching of James. 

(4) The teaching of Jude. 

(5) The teaching of John. 



INDEX. 



PAGET. 

Acts of the Apostles 67-71 

Adoption 65, 66 

Angels, Evil 102 

Apostles' Creed illustrated 70, 71 

Birth of Christ the fulfilment of prophecy 45 

Books, list of important 12 

Calling 18, 19 

Chronology of New Testament 20, 21 

Conversion 43, 44 

Enlightenment 22-24 

Faith 50-53 

Geography of New Testament , , 21, 22 

God, unity of 4 

is Triune 4, 5 

Good works 76-79 

Gospels, on study of . 7, 41 

Harmony of 25-36 

Characteristics 39 

Grace 14, lfr 

order of 15 

Harmony of the Four Gospels , 25-36 

Holy Spirit, procession of 5 

personality of 10 

Deity of 10 

grace of • 13-15* 

four-fold office of 83, 84 

Illumination ... 22-24 

Incarnation, reason of the 97 

Inspiration 16-18 

James, Epistle of ....' 74-76 

John, Gospel according to 60-63 

life of 60, 61 

first Epistle of ... 90-94 

second Epistle of 95-97 

third Epistle of 97-99 

Jude, Epistle of 100-105 

Justification by faith - . . 56-59 

Last Things, Peter's doctrine concerning 88, 89 

Lord's Prayer, illustrated.. . . 81 



CXXII. INDEX. 

PAGE. 

Luke, Gospel according to 54-56 

Luke, life of 54 

Mark, Gospel according to 48-50 

Mark, life of 48 

Matthew, Gospel according to 39-41 

life of 39,40 

Mystical Union 64,65 

New Birth 37, 38 

New Testament, authors of books of 1 

copies of, are correct 2, 3 

genuineness of books of 1,2 

on the study of 6-8 

on interpretation of 11 

order of books of 1 

Pauline Epistles, on study of 8 

Peter, first Epistle of 80-82 

second Epistle of 85-89 

life of 68,80 

Peter's teaching concerning the Last Things 88, 89 

Practical Hints 109,110 

Procession of the Holy Spirit 5 

Regeneration 37, 38 

Renovation 71-73 

Repentance 45-47 

Revelation, the Book of 106-108 

Review 110-120 

Sanctification 71-73 

Satan, doctrine of 103 

Sin, as described in John 93, 94, 104, 105 

Soteriology of I. Peter 82 

of I. John 94 

Translations, Ancient 2 

Modern 3 

English 3 

Trinity, doctrine of the 4, 5 

inl.Peter 81 

m II. Peter 87 

in I. John 93 

Truth, objective and subjective 98, 99 

Versions, see Translations 

Vocation 18, 19 



REFERENCE, JBOOKS 

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JAMIESON, FAUSSET & BROWN'S Popular Portable Com- 
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SMITH'S BIBLE DICTIONARY, comprising its Antiquities, Biog- 
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trations. Edited and condensed from his great work by William 
Smith, LL. D. 776 pages, 8vo, many illustrations, cloth, $1.50. 

THE BIBLE TEXT CYCLOPEDIA. A complete classification of 
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Rev. James Inglis. Large 8vo, 524 pages, cloth, $1.75. 

In studying a Bible lesson, in arranging a Bible reading, a concert exercise, or an 
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out any theme of Christian thought or study, we have found this book of pre-eminent value 
as a help to a thorough and intelligent acquaintance with the declarations of the sacred 
text in the subject under consideration. We know of no other work comparable to it in 
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A single examination of this remarkable compilation of references will convince the 
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